Efficacy of technology-based parenting programmes in reducing behaviour problems: An analysis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

Recently, especially after the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the shift towards technology-based non-face-to-face family prevention programmes to deal with problem behaviours has increased. Different systematic reviews and meta-analyses have explored the results of the virtual versions of the programmes. However, a global summary or systematized overview of the main conclusions and implications of the different reviews is needed to establish the scientific contributions of the new formats and to help the providers of the online programmes to know the components that work and to what extent. A lack of systematized information on the different delivery modes has also been detected. This study addresses these issues by systematically analysing existing reviews and meta-analyses, examining the reported outcomes and, when available, results related to delivery conditions and adherence variables. The analysis results suggest a reduction in children's problem behaviours and a consensus on the necessity of reporting on the parental stress variable. In conclusion, it highlights the need for more information on delivery conditions, given the structural change in how these programmes or interventions are provided, together with data on adherence and family variables (family relationships and interactions such as family communication and family resilience).