葡萄糖转运蛋白的分子结构、生化功能、遗传学和新出现的临床相关性

Syeda Sabika Qamar Jafri, Syed Imran Ali Shah, Syed Hassan Abees Jaffari
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在人体中,葡萄糖是主要的能量产生燃料和能量稳态、酶功能和基因转录的调节剂。细胞膜脂质双层结构的选择性渗透性使得葡萄糖必须需要转运蛋白才能转运到细胞中。这些包括溶质载体整体膜蛋白,如葡萄糖转运蛋白(GLUTs)和钠-葡萄糖转运蛋白。GLUT1-13具有相同的跨膜序列,但具有不同的跨膜环以及碳和氮的细胞质末端,属于主要的促进剂超家族。系统发育分析将GLUTs分为三类,每一类都显示出对特定底物的亲和力。葡萄糖稳态与几乎无处不在的GLUTs之间的紧密耦合关系导致了它们在胚胎发育,成人生理和临床疾病(包括但不限于先天性错误,糖尿病,代谢综合征和癌症)中的多种作用的研究。目前的综述主要集中在研究GLUT家族成员的结构和功能、它们的染色体和器官特异性分布,以及它们的临床意义和预期治疗作用的当前证据,特别是在癌症和代谢紊乱中。本研究的文献来源于Google Scholar、Web of Science和PubMed等数据库。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Molecular Structure, Biochemical Functions, Genetics, and Emerging Clinical Relevance of Glucose Transporters
In the human body, glucose acts as a major energy-producing fuel and regulator of energy homeostasis, enzyme functions, and gene transcription. The selective permeability of the lipid bilayer structure of the cell membrane makes it mandatory for glucose to require transport proteins for its transit into the cells. These include solute carrier integral membrane proteins such as glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose transporters. GLUTs belong to the major facilitator superfamily with a 12 transmembrane spanner topology, with GLUT1–13 sharing the same transmembrane sequence but variable transmembrane loops and terminal cytoplasmic ends of carbon and nitrogen. Phylogenetic analysis classifies GLUTs into three classes, with each class showing an affinity for a specific substrate. The tightly coupled relationship between glucose homeostasis and the nearly ubiquitous GLUTs has led to the investigation of their diverse roles in embryonic development, adult physiology, and clinical disorders including but not limited to inborn errors, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cancers. The current review is pivoted around the studies focusing on the structure and functions of members of the GLUT family, their chromosomal and organ-specific distribution, as well as the current evidence of their clinical implications and prospective therapeutic roles, specifically in cancers and metabolic disorders. The literature for the present work was retrieved from databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed.
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