The negative impact factor analysis to the environment from logging production on the North-West region of Russian Federation

Logging operations and timber transportation have a negative impact to natural and natural-anthropogenic environmental objects. Accounting, evaluation and forecasting of negative impact types will allow rational planning of technological logging operations. The negative impact degree data will allow assessing the total damage to environmental objects and, taking into account the loads of a particular work types provide for a set of protective measures adequate to the corresponding impact degree. The impact degree of types of logging activities to the environment was determined using the method of expert assessments. The variability of the nature and significance of the technogenic impact from logging and removal of wood was studied by the method of principal components. The generalized list of types of negative impact is ranked in the direction of decreasing degree as follows: pollution of water runoff and soils by leaks of fuels and lubricants, changes in biodiversity, damage to forest stands, destruction and pollution of soils, air pollution with chemical impurities, wastewater discharges into water bodies, landfill of domestic waste and discharge of effluents into the soil. When assessing biodiversity, increased attention should be paid to the organization of household and auxiliary technological processes. They are characterized by medium loads, causing pollution of water and soil by domestic and industrial effluents, and the formation of landfills for domestic and industrial waste. The construction of forest roads and work on refueling, repair and maintenance of logging equipment in workshops and fuel filling stations contribute to the manifestation of atypical impacts in the form of water and soil pollution with oil products. The obtained theoretical substantiation must be supplemented with relevant data from field studies on the identified types of negative impacts. Based on the predicted values of the degree of negative impact on the environment, the authors develop a set of scientifically substantiated technical and technological solutions that increase environmental safety during logging operations