光伏制造的净零取水策略和多标准影响

IF 2.5 3区工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS

IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI:10.1109/JPHOTOV.2023.3323777

Parikhit Sinha;Sunil Sajja;Tzy Wei Ooi;Sreenivas Jayaraman;Sukhwant Raju

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引用次数: 0

摘要

净零取水是水资源紧张地区制造业的可持续发展战略。印度泰米尔纳德邦的一项案例研究表明，可持续的净零取水光伏（PV）生产可通过以下方式实现：a）利用现场废水处理和零液体排放装置，最大限度地利用现场再生水；b）利用场外再生水满足剩余的用水需求；c）持续改进节水措施。净零用水与净零用电相结合，可将光伏组件生命周期内的水足迹减少 60%，同时将生命周期内的碳足迹减少 40%。虽然净零战略对管理当地水和能源资源至关重要，但对减少多标准产品总足迹的影响相对较小（∼20%）。增加第三种策略，即通过半导体回收实现高价值循环利用，可使光伏组件产品的多标准环境足迹减少高达 65%，其中包括健康、生态系统和自然资源影响类别。

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Net Zero Water Withdrawal Strategies and Multicriteria Impacts for PV Manufacturing

Net zero water withdrawal is a sustainable development strategy for manufacturing in water-stressed locations. A case study in Tamil Nadu, India shows that sustainable net zero water withdrawal photovoltaics (PV) manufacturing can be achieved by a) utilizing on-site wastewater treatment and zero liquid discharge units to maximize the usage of onsite reclaimed water, b) using offsite reclaimed water to meet the remaining water demand, and c) implementing continuous improvement in water conservation. Net zero water can be combined with net zero electricity to reduce the life cycle water footprint of PV modules by ∼60% while also reducing the life cycle carbon footprint by ∼40%. While crucial for managing local water and energy resources, net zero strategies have a relatively small (∼20%) impact on reducing the total multicriteria product footprint. Adding a third strategy of high value recycling with semiconductor recovery can achieve up to ∼65% reduction in the multicriteria PV module product environmental footprint covering health, ecosystem, and natural resource impact categories.

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来源期刊

IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics ENERGY & FUELS-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

CiteScore

7.00

自引率

10.00%

发文量

206

期刊介绍： The IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics is a peer-reviewed, archival publication reporting original and significant research results that advance the field of photovoltaics (PV). The PV field is diverse in its science base ranging from semiconductor and PV device physics to optics and the materials sciences. The journal publishes articles that connect this science base to PV science and technology. The intent is to publish original research results that are of primary interest to the photovoltaic specialist. The scope of the IEEE J. Photovoltaics incorporates: fundamentals and new concepts of PV conversion, including those based on nanostructured materials, low-dimensional physics, multiple charge generation, up/down converters, thermophotovoltaics, hot-carrier effects, plasmonics, metamorphic materials, luminescent concentrators, and rectennas; Si-based PV, including new cell designs, crystalline and non-crystalline Si, passivation, characterization and Si crystal growth; polycrystalline, amorphous and crystalline thin-film solar cell materials, including PV structures and solar cells based on II-VI, chalcopyrite, Si and other thin film absorbers; III-V PV materials, heterostructures, multijunction devices and concentrator PV; optics for light trapping, reflection control and concentration; organic PV including polymer, hybrid and dye sensitized solar cells; space PV including cell materials and PV devices, defects and reliability, environmental effects and protective materials; PV modeling and characterization methods; and other aspects of PV, including modules, power conditioning, inverters, balance-of-systems components, monitoring, analyses and simulations, and supporting PV module standards and measurements. Tutorial and review papers on these subjects are also published and occasionally special issues are published to treat particular areas in more depth and breadth.