Stochastic High Order Basis Functions for Volume Integral Equation with Surface Roughness

In this paper we present stochastic high order basis functions suitable for the volumetric discretization of interconnect structures. The proposed basis functions are wideband, and can easily be integrated within a stochastic magneto-quasistatic (MQS) or a fullwave mixed potential integral equation (MPIE) solver, rendering the stochastic formulation computationally efficient. In addition, our high order basis functions facilitate the calculation of a correction term, improving the accuracy of the impedance ensemble average.