Management of Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae) through Application of Different Tactics: A Review

Bactrocera zonata is the most destructive pest in tropical and subtropical regions. In this region, it is the most devasting fly, due to its high reproductive potential, mobility, host range, and adaptability to climate. Those countries which are considered as fruit-producing countries lose their international markets due to the quarantine regulations which are imposed to avoid the invasion of a fruit fly. For the management of B. zonata, the use of chemical insecticides against fruit fly is in practice for several decades which originate from environmental imbalance, diseases in humans and animals and develop resistance. Different methods are alternatives to chemical control, grouped into cultural, physical, behavioral, genetic, and biological control. In this review, we summarize all the control measures which can be used singly or in the integrated form with other measures to control the B. zonata.