N.和G.沃尔克-卡拉切夫斯基兄弟的作品,作为乌克兰左岸北部Zemstvo自由运动历史的来源(60-80 ХІХ 世纪)

N. Kotelnytskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了乌克兰北部反对派贵族阵线成员的创造性遗产——N.和G.沃尔克-卡拉切夫斯基兄弟的作品,其中绝大多数是第一次被介绍给国际科学流通。作者得出的结论是,发现的N.和G.沃尔克-卡拉切夫斯基兄弟的作品集是乌克兰左岸北部(19世纪60-80年代)Zemstvo自由运动历史的独特原始资料。沃尔克-卡拉切夫斯基作品的主要议题是公共教育的发展和农业的进步。尼科德姆·尼科德莫维奇坚持优先为最贫穷的人口阶层——农民,特别是以前的农奴——提供免费教育。在农业生产领域,这位著名的自由主义者主张迫切需要灌溉俄罗斯帝国的土地资金,形成有目的的Zemstvo研究所战略,以改善农民的经济状况,引入具有适当官方地位和财政支持的Zemstvo农艺师和技术人员的职位,这是农民联盟观点的战略参考点,自由贵族和民主知识分子在反对俄国专制政权的斗争中N. Volk-Karachevskyi的少量出版物致力于农业工业的发展问题,这在当时是鲜为人知的。反对派坚持认为有必要借鉴西欧国家的进步经验,如法国,在那里建立了一个强大的农业教育体系:从小学和高等教育机构到专门的科学机构。有必要单独说明民族酵素在作者新闻写作中的表现。对所谓“小俄罗斯”(乌克兰少数民族土地的帝国名称)建国历史的明确暗示;他们过去的经济和工业辉煌;关于在乌克兰北部领土上使用占主导地位的语言的谨慎但透明的愿望清楚地表明,在19世纪下半叶俄罗斯帝国的解放运动的研究潮流中,种族成分并没有占据最后的位置。总的来说,发现的N.和G.沃尔克-卡拉切夫斯基兄弟的作品清楚地反映了北岸左岸Zemstvo自由党的社会纲领,并说明了该地区反对派贵族阵线的政治和意识形态必要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Works of the brothers N. and G. Volk-Karachevsky as a source from the history of the Zemstvo Liberal Movement in the North of the Left-bank of Ukraine (60-80th ХІХ сentury)
The article analyzes the creative heritage of members of the opposition aristocratic front of northern Ukraine – the works of the brothers N. and G. Volk-Karachevsky, the absolute majority of which are being introduced to international scientific circulation for the first time. The author comes to the conclusion that the discovered set of works of the brothers N. and G. Volk-Karachevskyi is a unique primary source from the history of the Zemstvo liberal movement in the north of Left Bank Ukraine (60-80s of the 19th century). The main issues of N. Volk-Karachevskyi’s works were the development of public education and the progress of agriculture. Nikodym Nikodymovych insisted on the priority free education of the poorest strata of the population – the peasantry, especially former serfs. In the field of agricultural production, the well-known liberal advocated the imperatives of urgent irrigation of the land fund of the Russian Empire, the formation of a purposeful strategy of Zemstvo institutes to improve the economic situation of the peasantry, the introduction of the positions of Zemstvo agronomists and technicians with appropriate official status and financial support, a strategic reference point for the perspective of the union of the peasantry, the liberal nobility and democratic intelligentsia in the struggle against the regime of Russian absolutism. The small number of publications by N. Volk-Karachevskyi were devoted to the problems of the development of the agricultural industry, which were little known at that time. The oppositionist insisted on the need to borrow the progressive experience of the countries of Western Europe, such as France, where a powerful system of agricultural education was built: from primary and higher education institutions to specialized scientific institutions. It is necessary to note separately the manifestation of the national enzyme in the journalism of the authors. Articulated allusions to the history of the statehood of the so-called Little Russia – the imperial name of a part of Ukrainian ethnic lands; their past economic and industrial glory; careful, but transparent wishes regarding the use of the dominant language in the territory of northern Ukraine, clearly indicate that the ethnic component occupied not the last place in the programmatics of the researched current of the liberation movement in the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th century. In general, the discovered works of the brothers N. and G. Volk-Karachevsky clearly reflect the social program of the Zemstvo liberal party of the Northern Left Bank and illustrate the political and ideological imperatives of the opposition aristocratic front of the region.
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