民主治理:国外经验的概念化,关键理论和概念的分析

Yuriy Humen
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摘要

文章重点介绍了国外科学家对“治理”概念本质的理论探讨。确定并分析了在发达民主国家应用的主要治理理论。本文从乌克兰现代公共行政的实际出发,对国外先进经验在国家行政管理实施中的适应方法进行了概念化。定义了各个关键概念。这决定了国家行政的本质不在于权力的行使,而在于为解决最广泛的社会问题而激活公民互动的中心质量。治理过程的任务不是提供,而是创造条件,以激励有关各方。美国和欧洲发达国家民主政治制度的稳定性和持续时间决定了国家行政管理的传统类型,其特点是提供高标准的行政服务,私营部门的影响力日益增强,公民社会的充分控制。有效的国家权力逐渐开始不再与专业的官僚机构联系在一起,尽管这一因素也不排除,而是与行政当局为实现公民利益而采取的适当行动联系在一起。治理不是满足需求的手段,而是为私营部门、公民社会和整个国家实施可理解和权宜的行政决策的过程。行政治理过程中最重要的是公共形式的决策阶段。这一决定是行政部门(政府和管理机构)、私营部门和民间社会发达的本能积极相互作用的产物。由有利害关系的各方共同作出的决定,执行起来简单明了,因此是有效的。世界发达国家对治理原则的适用范围如此多样,不仅证明了对“治理”概念的理论理解,也证明了其作为一种行政原则在实践中的有效运用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Democratic governance: conceptualization of foreign experience, analysis of the key theories and concepts
The theoretical approaches of foreign scientists to the essence of the concept “governance” are highlighted in the article. The main theories of governance, which are applied in developed democratic countries, are identified and analysed. The methodology of the advanced foreign experience adaptation in the implementation of the state administration in the modern Ukrainian realities of public administration is conceptualized. The individual key concepts are defined. It is determined that the essence of the state administration is not the exercise of power, but rather the quality of the centre of activation of civil interaction for solving the widest range of social problems. The task of the governance process is not to provide, but to create conditions for the stimulation of interested parties. The stability and duration of the democratic political regime in the USA and developed European countries determined the traditional type of the state administration, which is characterized by high standards of administrative services provision, the growing influence of the private sector and adequate control by civil society. Effective state power gradually began to be associated not with a professional bureaucratic apparatus, although this factor is not excluded, but with adequate actions of the administration to implement the interests of citizens. Governance does not act as means of a need satisfaction, but rather as a process of implementing of understandable and expedient administrative decisions for the private sector, civil society and the state as a whole. The most important thing in the administrative process of governance is a decision-making stage in public format. The decision is a product of the active interaction of the administration (government and management bodies), the private sector and the developed instincts of civil society. A decision, which is made by collegially interested parties is simple and clear to implement and, as a result, is effective. Such a variety of the scope of application of governance principles in the developed countries of the world testifies not only to the theoretical understanding of the concept of “governance”, but also to its effective practical application as an administration principle.
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