大豆作物在不同主耕方式和免耕技术条件下的综合除草

Viktor Zadorozhny, V. Karasevich, Serhiy Svitko, A. Zadorozhny, A. Labunets, Mykola Sokulsky
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Analysis of the peculiarities of weed formation of soybean agrocenoses with shelf, shelfless main tillage and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation showed that in all areas of the experiment dominated (74-89% of the total) perennial dicotyledonous weeds: white quinoa album L.), rough mustard (Polygonum scabrum Moench), common butterbur (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), small-flowered galigsoga (Gallipsoga parviflora Cav.). The highest weed control rates were observed with the application of Galaxy Ultra (2.5 l / ha) in combination with Miura graminicide (1.0 l / ha) - 90-92%. The maximum level of soybean yield was set for shelf tillage and application of herbicides - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, against the background of shelfless tillage and notill technology, this figure decreased by 14 and 11%, respectively. Conclusions. 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摘要

的目标。研究了乌克兰右岸森林草原不同灰色森林土壤基本耕作方法和短轮作免耕技术下大豆农田杂草成分形成的特殊性,开发和实施了综合杂草控制系统。方法。根据普遍接受的方法进行了实地研究。结果。对短轮作条件下,无架、无架、免耕三种主要耕作方式的大豆禾草的杂草形成特性分析表明,在所有试验区,以多年生双子叶杂草为主(占总数的74-89%):白藜麦(white quinoa)、粗芥菜(Polygonum scabrum Moench)、苋菜(Amaranthus retroflexus L.)、小花食腐草(Gallipsoga parviflora Cav.)。以Galaxy Ultra (2.5 l / hm2)与三浦杀菌剂(1.0 l / hm2)联合施用,防杂草率为90 ~ 92%。旱作和免耕条件下大豆产量最高水平为2.49 ~ 2.53 t / hm2,旱作和免耕条件下大豆产量分别下降14%和11%。结论。在货架耕作条件下施用化学防护对杂草的控制水平为90.4 ~ 92.0%,非货架耕作为89.7 ~ 90.7%,免耕技术为90.7 ~ 91.0%。大豆收获前,对照区杂草湿重为1326 ~ 1690 g / m2,以免耕技术杂草湿重最大。与对照相比,施用除草剂导致生杂草减少89-92%。大豆产量最高的是架耕(20 ~ 22 cm),为2.49 ~ 2.53 t / hm2,比对照增产45.6% ~ 48.0%。免耕条件下(10 ~ 12 cm)施用除草剂对大豆籽粒产量的贡献率为2.14 ~ 2.17 t / ha,免耕条件下为2.22 ~ 2.25 t / ha,分别比无化学除草条件下高39.9 ~ 41.8%和40.5 ~ 42.4%。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Integrated weed control in soybean crops in different methods of main tillage and no-till technologies in the conditions of law
Goal. Study of the peculiarities of the formation of the weed component of soybean agrocenoses, development and implementation of an integrated weed control system for different methods of basic cultivation of gray forest soil and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation in the Right Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were conducted according to generally accepted methods. Results. Analysis of the peculiarities of weed formation of soybean agrocenoses with shelf, shelfless main tillage and no-till technology in short-rotation crop rotation showed that in all areas of the experiment dominated (74-89% of the total) perennial dicotyledonous weeds: white quinoa album L.), rough mustard (Polygonum scabrum Moench), common butterbur (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), small-flowered galigsoga (Gallipsoga parviflora Cav.). The highest weed control rates were observed with the application of Galaxy Ultra (2.5 l / ha) in combination with Miura graminicide (1.0 l / ha) - 90-92%. The maximum level of soybean yield was set for shelf tillage and application of herbicides - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, against the background of shelfless tillage and notill technology, this figure decreased by 14 and 11%, respectively. Conclusions. The application of chemical protection under the conditions of shelf tillage provided weed control at the level of 90.4-92.0%, for non-shelf tillage - 89.7-90.7%, and for no-till technology - 90.7-91, 0%. Before the soybean harvest, the wet weight of weeds in the control plots was 1326-1690 g / m2, the largest weight of which was observed by no-till technology. The application of herbicides resulted in a 89-92% reduction in raw weed relative to control. The highest level of soybean yield was observed in the options for shelf plowing (20-22 cm) - 2.49-2.53 t / ha, which is 45.6-48.0% more than in the control. Application of herbicides on the background of shelfless cultivation (disking on 10-12 cm) contributed to the formation of soybean grain yield in the range of 2.14-2.17 t / ha, by no-till technology - 2.22-2.25 t / ha, which respectively 39.9-41.8% and 40.5-42.4% more than in areas without chemical weeding.
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