A Compact Half-Hemispherical DRA with two combined Fractal Approach

In this paper, two fractals are combined and applied on a half hemispherical DRA for good impedance bandwidth. Here, the GP-Series Fractal and Minkowski Fractal are performed on proposed antenna which includes three steps of iteration and gives the enhanced peak gain and efficiency in result. The HDRA is made up of commercially available dielectric constant 4.3 (FR-4 lossy) and it has dissipation factor, $\mathbf{tan}\ \boldsymbol{\delta}=0.025$. The fractal Half-HDRA is excited by a co-axial probe feeding at an offset value of $\mathbf{x} =8.05$ mm and $\mathbf{y}=5.1$ mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth of the final iteration in Minkowski Fractal is 52.5% i.e. 5.3 GHz to 9.1 GHz (S11 below −10 dB). The main purpose of this work is to observe the effect of two combined Fractal geometry and to compare its Fractional Bandwidth, Gain, and Efficiency.