On the Diachronic Change of kʰi3 in Min Dialect

This paper explores the diachronic change of kʰi3 (乞) in Modern Min dialects from the viewpoint of historical grammar. k h i3 is a polysemy in Min dialect and has both content meaning and functional usage. According to the Chinese written documentation, kʰi3 had two opposite meanings, 'to beg' vs. 'to give', and distinguished those two meanings by tonal inflection: 'to beg' had *-t coda and 'to give' had *-s coda. This paper combines the early Min written documentation and field material of modern Min dialect to investigate the diachronic change included phonology, lexicon and grammaticalization of k h i3 in Min dialect. This paper presents three main conclusions as follows:1.Phonological perspective: the cognate of kʰi3 in proto Min could be reconstructed as *kʰɨt7. Proto Min received the form with *-t coda (Ru Sheng)and dropped the *-s form (Qu Sheng).2.Lexical perspective: Min dialect has not only ‘to beg’ meaning but also ‘to give’.3.Grammatical perspective: the grammaticalization path of kʰi3 in Min dialect is [‘to give’ > ‘to cause’ > passive marker]. (This article is in Chinese.)提要本文從歷史語法的角度，探討「乞」在現代閩語方言中的演變，說明「乞」在閩語中具有的功能，包括實詞語義及功能詞用法，並嘗試從方言比較的角度建構「乞」在閩語語法史上的語法演變。根據漢語歷史文獻，「乞」有乞求義跟給予義兩個方向不同的動詞用法，並透過四聲別義的手段來區別。從現代閩語方言看來，閩東方言及局部閩南方言使用「乞」作為被動標記。本文結合早期閩語書面材料及實際調查所得的語料，探究「乞」在閩語中的音韻、詞彙及語法演變。本文的結論如下：1. 音韻方面，「乞」在共同閩語中的語音形式為*kʰɨt7，只有入聲而沒有去聲。2. 詞彙方面，閩語的「乞」同時存在乞求義與給予義兩種實詞用法。3. 就語法演變而言，閩語被動標記「乞」的虛化途徑是：給予義→容讓義→被動標記。