Willingness to adopt an e-payment system to increase the effectiveness of the budget disbursement in the public sector in Indonesia

The main objective of e-payment system development in government agencies in Indonesia is to overcome problems arising in financial management, such as frequent occurrences of delayed payment, incomplete and inaccurate documents, financial information not being punctual, human error and other technical problems. This research aims to analyze the acceptance of e-payment system in Indonesian government institution using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. This research also tries to find answers as to whether the adoption of an e-payment system has a positive impact on effectiveness of the government budget disbursement. This research has a valuable contribution to make to the Indonesian government which is considering adoption of an e-payment system in all government institutions. However, the e-payment system adoption needs a transitional process. This condition is in line with a statement made by Compeau and Higgins (1995), who found that a critical stage in the application of an information technology system is the condition in which the presence of a system is received or rejected by the potential user. Data in this research was obtained from a survey administered to users of an e-payment system at one of the universities in Indonesia. The research respondents consist of 261 users of e-payment systems. This research data collected using the online questionnaire of e-payment system users. The data analysis employed the structural equation models. The findings of this study indicate that the perceived usefulness is an important factor which influences e-payment system acceptance; however, perceived ease of use has no influence on individual attitude because the e-payment system implementation in our study was mandatory. So, all employees had an obligation to run the system, although some of them may have experienced difficulties with this new system. Corresponding author: Yanuar E. Restianto Email addresses for corresponding author: yan_restianto@yahoo.com First submission received: 20th February 2018 Revised submission received: 29th April 2018 Accepted: 22nd May 2018 Introduction Information technology always develops in line with developments in human civilization. Development of information technologies covers the development of information technology infrastructure, such as hardware, software, technology data storage, and communication technology (Laudon, 2012). One part of this infrastructure is the B2C (Business to Consumer) application which is currently used in many electronic trading or e-commerce enterprises. An important component in conducting transactions is an electronic payment system (e-payment). E-payment is a system that provides tools for payment services or goods made via the Internet. An organization usually has a partnership with various financial institutions or banks to do e-payment, therefore the transactions can be done in real time and anywhere in accordance with their needs. There are many benefits in using epayment and these include: speeding up the process of transactions; the parties involved in the process of Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 13 Issue 2 December 2018 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 110 the transactions can transfer and receive money anytime and anywhere; e-payment also supports the movement of green technology wherein use of paper can be reduced. The implementation of e-payment in the public sector, especially in government agencies in Indonesia, has rarely been implemented. The issuing of Act number 11/2008 (which focuses on information and electronic transactions) and which was then followed by the issuance of several regulations related to state financial management (allowing the use of electronic transactions), was a milestone in adopting the use of an electronic expenditure and disbursement system. The main objective of e-payment system development in government agencies in Indonesia is to overcome problems arising in financial management, such as frequent occurrences of delayed payment, incomplete and inaccurate documents, financial information not being punctual, human error and other technical problems. One of the factors driving the use of e-payment in government agencies is improving of satisfaction with the joint needs through improvement in the service quality. In many research studies, a model has been used that describes the level of technological information – this model is the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Hence, this research is motivated to analyze the adoption of an e-payment system in government agencies in Indonesia using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. Venkatesh and Davis (2000) stated that so far TAM is a concept that is considered to be relatively good in clarifying the behavior of users of a new information technology system. The main objective of TAM, according to Davis (1989), is giving an account of the determination of the computer in general and giving a description of the behavior and attitude of users in a given population. TAM has also been empirically proven to explain 40% of the intensions and behavior of users (Venkatesh and Davis, 2000). TAM is a model that describes how users of the technology receive and use the technology. In general, research on revenue generated through information technology and which is based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) that was introduced by Davis (1989), indicates that acceptance of technology by individuals is determined by two factors: the first factor is perceived usefulness, which is defined as the extent to which someone knows how to use systems to improve their performance; secondly, there is perceived ease of use, which is defined as the extent to which someone is sure that the use of a system is easy. This research has a valuable contribution to make to the Indonesian government which is considering adoption of an e-payment system in all government institutions. However, the e-payment system adoption needs a transitional process. This condition is in line with a statement made by Compeau and Higgins (1995), who found that a critical stage in the application of an information technology system is the condition in which the presence of a system is received or rejected by the potential user. Different perceptions exist about the benefits and ease of use of the new system to be operated by potential users. Difficulties in the implementation of a new system are caused by employees needing time to adapt to the new system. To support this argument, Davis et al. (1989) found that system information is not able to increase organisational performance when not in use. The impact of the increase in performance is also not felt if the information system is rejected by the user (Davis, 1993), and there is no intention from the user to use it (Davis, 1989). Therefore, an information system is able to run well and achieve goals efficiently and effectively and if admitted by users. Hence, this research also tries to find answers as to whether the adoption of an e-payment system has a positive impact on effectiveness of the government budget disbursement. Literature Review Electronic Payment System Electronic payment systems have been utilised in much of the banking sector as well as in the business sector, especially for the transfer of large sums of money. The Westminster Bank first installed an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) at Victoria in the 1960’s. According to the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (2010), electronic payment was a new payment practice for the retail sector in which a merchant takes information on payments for goods and services and puts this information in an electronic template which then created electronic files to be processed through the bank clearing. A lot of technology development that occurs after four decades the emergence of e-payment, that enables the expansion of a system of electronic payment itself, including social activities that require the Journal of Business and Retail Management Research (JBRMR), Vol. 13 Issue 2 December 2018 www.jbrmr.com A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Management (ABRM) 111 system. As a consequence, this change has affected the definition of e-payment, because its development is highly influenced by the need for the system. Several studies have tried to define e-payment; an online payment has been understood to indicate that a vendor has conducted checks on the payment which has been taken from buyers through a bank before a vendor serving the purchase of the buyer (Al-Fayoumi et al., 2010). However, a common understanding of e-payment is that it is just a payment that is conducted electronically and online. According to Sumanjeet (2009), in the most common form, the term electronic payment covers payment for business, banks and public services of citizens or businesses, which have been conducted through a telecommunications or electronic network supported by modern technology. According to some previous notions, e-payment can be defined as a payment system that can be used by parties, such as banks, businesses (vendor or consumers) and social actors, and is conducted online through rapidly developing information technology systems. Electronic Payment System Process According to Al-Fayoumi et al. (2010), the electronic payment process is carried out by users, the merchant, and the bank. Users by the use the money electronics (e-currency) from bank in the implementation of the e-payment to do the transaction, whether it is buying goods or paying for services. The role of the trader is providing goods, services or information offered and sold to the user (the customer), while the bank is believed to mediate and to ease the transaction between users and traders. In the electronic payment process, money is kept, processed, and accepted in the form of digital information and the process of recording