保加利亚世界之水图(以乌克兰保加利亚人的民歌为例)

O. Malash
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对保加利亚语言文化中水的象征意义进行了研究。作者分析了几位乌克兰和保加利亚学者记录的民歌文本,这些学者是18世纪下半叶至19世纪保加利亚移民的后裔,他们目前生活在敖德萨、尼古拉耶夫和克里米亚自治共和国等地区。研究了保加利亚语世界形象中水圈周围词汇的作用。概括地说,水是人类生命的普遍象征。水被认为是创造地球和有生命的自然界的主要物质。在不同的阈限仪式中,它被用作能够净化、治愈、充满活力和祝福人们的东西。这种对水的神圣属性的信仰体现在保加利亚的民歌中。作者考察了乌克兰保加利亚民歌中“水”的语言文化及其在“水库”、“井”、“泉”、“雨”、“多瑙河”、“海”中的运用。“水”是一种必须跨越的边界的象征。“井”象征着人类的生活空间,是独特的圣水容器,它将婚姻和爱情神圣化。然而,有时井指的是通奸和淫乱。“春”等于给予英雄的不朽,以感谢他完成了一生的使命。“多瑙河”是已知世界与未知世界之间的一条神话之路,就像“海”一样,它是与家园分离的象征,对于祖先离开祖国的保加利亚移民来说尤其如此。“雨”代表着人类与至高无上的力量之间的相互作用。通过对语言文化“水”的这些实现的分析,可以看出水在保加利亚语世界形象中的特殊作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
WATER IN THE BULGARIAN WORLD PICTURE (a case study of the folk songs of the Bulgarians in Ukraine)
The paper provides a study of the symbolism of water in the Bulgarian linguistic culture. The author analyzes texts of the folk songs recorded by several Ukrainian and Bulgarian scholars from the descendants of the Bulgarian migrants in the last half of the 18th – 19th c., which are currently living in the regions of Odessa, Zaporizhzhia, Mykolaiv, and in the Autonomous Republic of the Crimea. The role of the vocabulary around the hydrosphere in the Bulgarian linguistic world image is researched. It is outlined that water is a universal symbol of the human life. Water is thought as a primary substance that has created the Earth and the live nature. It is used in different liminal rituals as something able to purify, to heal, to charge with the live power and to bless people. And this belief in the sacral properties of water are displayed in the Bulgarian folk songs. The author investigates the linguocultureme “water” and its implementations in “reservoir”, “well”, “spring”, “rain”, “Danube”, “sea” in the folk songs of the Bulgarians in Ukraine. It is established that “water” is a symbol of a border that must be overstepped. “Well” symbolizes the living space of a human, container of the unique sacral water that sacralizes the marriage and love. However, sometimes the well designates the adultery and lewdness. “Spring” is equal to the immortality given to a hero as a thank for the completed mission of the life. “Danube” is a mythic path between the known and unknown world, like “sea” it is a symbol of the separation with the home, and it is particularly true for the Bulgarian migrants whose ancestors had left the motherland. “Rain” represents the reciprocity between the human and the supreme forces. The analyzes of these implementation of the linguocultureme “water” shows the special role of the water in the Bulgarian linguistic world image.
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