“学校传授知识。知识给人力量。力量带来力量……»:关于鲍里斯·格林琴科«普罗维塔»社团在德国萨尔茨韦德尔乌克兰俘虏集中营的活动历史(1916-1917)

I. Sribniak
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摘要

文章揭示了鲍里斯·格林琴科“普罗维塔”协会活动的具体情况,该协会导致在萨尔茨韦德尔集中营(德国)建立了同名的人民学校。由于一些俘虏害怕俄罗斯沙皇(在他们回国后)的报复而不愿去参观,其活动的初始阶段遇到了重大困难。但是,由于解放乌克兰教育部联盟成员和营地中最活跃的乌克兰成员的解释工作,这种恐惧被克服了,此后学生人数开始稳步增加。在1916年至1917年期间,数百名乌克兰俘虏从鲍里斯·格林琴科人民学校毕业,他们不仅在围墙内获得了基本知识(写作、阅读、算术),而且还获得了对许多政治和社会生活现象的理解,此外,掌握了农艺和精确科学的基础知识。这所学校使他们的意识发生了深刻的变化,使学校的毕业生成为乌克兰世界不可分割的一部分,乌克兰世界的政治成分在俄罗斯受到无情的迫害,因此被迫在德国的土地上选择“阳光下的地方”。鲍里斯·格林琴科人民学校成为营地中最强大的制度形成因素之一,通过其工作创造了乌克兰的环境。在它的围墙内,有时甚至违背他们的意愿,囚犯们开始意识到沙皇俄国社会政治秩序的不公正,并理解最终需要将乌克兰从帝国中心分离出来,并随后获得主权地位。通过这种方式,学院及其教学人员一直在积极参与形成那些寻求教育的乌克兰俘虏的民族国家世界观的过程,充分履行他们对祖国的爱国义务。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
«A school gives knowledge. Knowledge gives strength. Strength gives power...»: on the history of the activities of the Borys Grinchenko «Prosvita» Society in the Salzwedel camp for Ukrainian captives in Germany (1916-1917)
The article reveals the specifics of the activities of the Borys Grinchenko «Prosvita» Society,which led to the establishment of the People's School with the same name in the Salzwedel camp (Germany). The initial phase of its activity was marked by significant difficulties due to the reluctance of some captives to visit it due to fear of reprisals from the Russian tsarism (after their returning home). But in consequence to the explanatory work of the members of the Educational Department Union for the Liberation of Ukraine and the Ukrainian most active members in the camp, this fear was overcome, after which the number of students began to increase steadily. During 1916-1917, hundreds of Ukrainian captives graduated from the Borys Grinchenko People's School, who received not only basic knowledge (writing, reading, arithmetic) within its walls, but also gained the understanding of many phenomena of political and social life and, in addition, mastered the basics of agronomic and exact sciences. The school initiated profound changes in their consciousness, making school graduates an integral part of the Ukrainian world, the political component of which was mercilessly persecuted in Russia, and therefore forced to choose their «place under the sun» on German soil. The Borys Grinchenko People's School became one of the most powerful system-forming national factors in the camp, which created the Ukrainian environment through its very work. Within its walls - sometimes even against their will – the prisoners began to realize the injustice of the socio-political order in tsarist Russia and to understand the ultimate need to separate Ukraine from the imperial centre with its subsequent acquisition of the sovereign status. In this way, all the time the School and its pedagogical staff significantly participated in the process of forming the national-state worldview of those Ukrainian captives who sought education, fully fulfilling their patriotic duty to their Motherland.
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