Optimum Allocation and Sizing of Multi-Distributed Generations: Step-by-Step Injection

The demand for energy is increased by increasing global population and rapid developments in the current industry and modern lifestyle. It is a necessity to promote and modernize the control systems of the electrical network and move forward to the green and smart energy systems. The integration of the distributed generations (DGs) with the optimum capacity and position is one of the viable keys for reducing the active and reactive power losses, providing standard system power quality, and also injecting more renewable energy sources into the system in order to extend decarbonized and green systems. The Optimal DG (ODG) allocation and sizing have always been challenging for both suppliers and consumers/prosumers. The fundamental objectives of ODG are to enhance system overall efficiency with reduced power losses, maximize system security, voltage stability, and reliability. This paper proposes the implementation of the Grey Wolf (GWO) as state of the art for the nonlinear meta-heuristic optimization algorithm to solve ODG in the radial distribution system. The optimization aims are to reduce the percentage of daily power losses and voltage fluctuation of the radial systems. The GWO is applied to implement multiple DGs, by considering step-by-step injection strategy, to the IEEE 69 bus distribution test system. Two different scenarios are taking into account: the common DG with the fixed capacity to inject both active and reactive power to the system and time-series output for a photovoltaic generation which considered as a DC-battery.