The substantiation of parameters of sowing machine with adaptive dosing elements for seeding of corn

For sowing of corn precision seeders are used, one of the most complex and responsible details of which is a sowing machine. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the rational design and parameters of the dosing elements and the «superfluous» seeds seeder of the vacuum sowing device, which ensure an even increase in the supply of corn seeds to the furrow. A vacuum sowing machine is proposed for use in production, in which elongated suction holes are made on the sowing disk in such a way that their long axes are oriented to a radial direction at α angle. In addition, in the design of the sowing apparatus, the thickness of the first three projections of seeder for «superfluous» seeds is proposed to be made stepwise. Experiments carried out on the matrix of the orthogonal plan of the second order showed that the following parameters and tuning regimes of such a machine are rational for sowing corn seeds: width of suction holes tдэ = 3 mm; the smallest slot width in the vacuum chamber liner t = 3,0...3,5 mm; exhaustion in the vacuum chamber H = 5 kPa; thickness of the input edge of the working part of the “superfluous” seeds seeder h = 1,5 mm; angle of deviation of the longitudinal axes of the suction holes of the sowing disc from the radial direction α = 12...15 deg. Under laboratory conditions the machine provided the frequency of single seed feeds p1 = 99,0...99,5 %, which is close to the technological optimum. At the same time, the quality of seed dosing remained stable even with a significant increase in the angular velocity of the sowing disk.