ESD reflected in the 2022 revised national curriculum: Focusing on the general introduction and the middle school curriculum

The purpose of this study is to analyze the ESD reflected in the general introduction and the middle school curriculum of the ‘2022 revised national curriculum’, and to propose a teaching and learning plan applied with ESD. As a result of analyzing the contents of the general introduction, it was confirmed that the focus, educational goals, core competencies, and teaching and learning methods presented in the general introduction were similar to the transitional learning goals and teaching and learning methods proposed in ‘ESD 2030’. In addition, as a result of analyzing the middle school curriculum by subject, it was found that ESD was reflected in the curriculum of all middle school subjects, and this study also conducted to classify and systematize ESD-related contents such as the sustainable development or ecological conversion presented in the curriculum for each subject by 5Ps of SDGs. Finally, this study proposed learner-centered problem-solving approach, local community-based learning, integrated and cross-functional teaching and learning methods, and cooperative group learning methods applied with ESD.