Self-Efficacy and Engagement of Islamic Religious Education Students in Online Learning : A Qualitative Approach at Indonesian Higher Education

Lack studies have determined the factors that affected students' engagement and self-efficacy in online learning at Indonesian higher education institutions, therefore, this scientific work intends to fill the knowledge gap about self-efficacy and engagement qualitatively. The research questions are focused on determining the level of self-efficacy and engagement of students with online learning activities. A qualitative research design was chosen to answer the phenomenon. Observations, interviews, and documentation techniques are used to collect the data. The subject of this research was fifty undergraduate students of the Faculty of Tarbiyah at IAIN Sorong. All of those participants were chosen because they have been experiencing online learning instruction. The data analysis was done by extensively coding the transcripts of the interviews and observations. The correctness of the transcripts of the audiotaped interviews was compared to the original recordings. High self-efficacy and contributing factors include the easeof the online environment, time management, and technology use. However, low self-efficacy and contributed factors are unstable internet access, and unfamiliar online learning applications. Enthusiasm, challenge, usefulness, emotion, participation, and performance are contributing factors to high student engagement. Low engagement and contributing factors: signal interruption, an inadequate device, and a monotonous teaching and learning process