Comparative analysis of speech etiquette in modern Russian and Chinese

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of speech etiquette in the modern Russian and Chinese languages; it is noted that an important feature of speech etiquette is a reflection of the national culture and national specifics of speech behavior. Speech etiquette includes communicatively significant meanings: social, international, emotional and evaluative, and identifying and understanding these meanings is impossible without taking into account the national specifics of etiquette rules. The article examines in detail the formulas of speech etiquette related to the situations of address, gratitude, apology and request in Russian and Chinese, analyzes the system of kinship terms in Chinese, which is more detailed compared to the Russian language, provides the results of analyzing the use of proper names in speech formulas. The article considers the choice of lexical means in address, request and gratitude, depending on the characteristics of the communicative situation (the relationship between the addressee and the addressant, the communicative situation, the method and purpose of communication, the tone of communication, etc.). The author gives examples of various speech scenarios in Chinese communication, analyzes the tendency to euphemizing speech in Chinese etiquette formulas, and concludes that a comparative analysis of speech etiquette in modern Russian and Chinese helps to increase cultural awareness in the use of language and understanding that the peculiarities of speech interaction of the communicants require attention not only to the linguistic structures themselves, but also to the specifics of speech behavior and the associated pragmatics of communication.