FORMATION OF SPELLING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN THE PROCESS OF PERFORMING MENTAL ACTIONS

In this article, we used methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, and systemization. The generalization of theoretical positions of scientific work has been developed and the feasibility of the study of the selected problem has been demonstrated; based on a modern methodology, theoretical and methodological principles and specificities of linguistic norms and rules in the production of practical skills and skills from the Ukrainian language in the fifth-grade students are substantiated.An effective method of their formation is proposed, the components of which are defined: innovative approaches, general-practice, and lingua didactic principles, the use of didactic material, the study of spelling of the Ukrainian language as a dynamic system, the assimilation of spelling norms based on knowledge about the structure of the word, systematic assimilation of spelling material, a skillful combination of theory and practice in learning, the selection of effective exercises, methods, and  techniques that will increase the literacy of five-graders. It was established that when learning language material and developing language skills, students need to name new terms, update the content of the grammatical concepts that they already have, so that, by merging them, forming a new rule. Specific examples of this approach are given when studying the suffix (“a significant part of the word that stands at the root and serves to create new words”). It is emphasized that this rule should be formulated completely, precisely, without rotation, using accepted motivation. The role of additional questions has been highlighted in studying the substance of itsformulation. It is determined that among the most effective ways of conscious mastery of grammatical concepts and rules is the reception of comparison, which develops logical thinking, teaches to highlight their characteristic features in comparing phenomena.The expediency of using such a technique as comparing certain grammatical phenomena with the corresponding rules, such as to find in the text presented in visual or auditory form, spellings studied in order to avoid possible spelling mistakes is proved. As a result of the conducted research, it was found out that the collective understanding of the studied linguistic material in the lesson promotes a better understanding of the mastered terms. Keywords: spelling; grammar; orphogram and rules; spelling skills and abilities; cognitive activities; word structure; prefix; suffix; derived and non-derived words; comparison.