Niepożądane cechy fonetyczne samogłosek a zaburzenia czynności prymarnych u osób dorosłych

The author carried out her research in an attempt to analyse the concomitance between the tongue’s primary motor patterns (based on primary functions, like swallowing and breathing) and non‑normative features in the articulation of vowels in adults. The presented study has been conducted on two groups of adults; the study group consisted of 42 patients with an incorrect swallowing and tongue at rest posture but without any coexisting structural impairments; the control group (n = 35) had no structural nor functional abnormalities. The obtained results indicate that abnormal swallowing and tongue at rest posture may lead to some disruption in vowel production, manifested by undesirable dorsality and/or nasal resonance.