尼日利亚中北部乔斯市艾滋病毒/艾滋病腹泻患者中的隐孢子虫病及相关危险因素

Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2021-07-08 DOI:10.46912/JBRCP.222

A. Dahal, O. Okolo, KC Daam, D. Nanma, O. F. Obishakin, H. Waziri, Y. Maktep, B. E. Banwat, Z. Egah

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引用次数: 0

摘要

隐孢子虫病是一种由小隐孢子虫引起的机会性寄生虫感染。它通过粪口途径传播，在免疫功能低下的个体(如艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者)中引起危及生命的霍乱样腹泻。本研究旨在确定隐孢子虫病在艾滋病毒/艾滋病腹泻患者中的患病率及其相关危险因素。这是一项横断面研究，于2019年4月至11月期间在尼日利亚中北部乔斯的一家三级卫生机构对100名患有腹泻的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者进行了研究。在签署同意书并填写结构合理的问卷后，从每位患者收集了15毫升(15ml)粪便样本。采用改良Ziehl-Neelsen染色法和聚合酶链反应(PCR)对粪便样品中细小隐孢子虫卵母细胞进行鉴定。所得结果使用SPSS version 21进行计算。研究参与者的平均年龄(标准差)为37.0(±SD9.6)，最小年龄为20岁，最大年龄为63岁。本研究男性53人(53.0%)，女性47人(47.0%)。54名参与者服用抗逆转录病毒(ARV)药物，46名服用抗逆转录病毒药物naïve。研究人群隐孢子虫病患病率为13.0%。46例抗逆转录病毒药物naïve参与者中有10例(21.7%)发现隐孢子虫病，54例抗逆转录病毒治疗参与者中有3例(5.6%)发现隐孢子虫病。p = 0.016，差异有统计学意义。隐孢子虫病患病率与研究参与者CD4+ t淋巴细胞计数水平之间也存在显著关系(p = 0.012)。CD4+ t淋巴细胞计数小于200个/μl者感染较多。这强调了艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者需要良好的个人卫生、环境卫生和遵守抗逆转录病毒治疗，以减少隐孢子虫病等机会性感染的风险。

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Cryptosporidiosis among HIV/AIDS Patients with Diarrhoea and Associated Risk Factors in Jos, North-Central Nigeria

Cryptosporidiosis is an opportunistic, parasitic infection caused by Cryptosporidium parvum. It is transmitted via faecal-oral route and causes life-threatening, cholera-like diarrhoea in immunocompromised individuals such as HIV/AIDS patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and associated risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients with diarrhoea. This was a cross-sectional study of 100 HIV/AIDS patients with diarrhoea in a tertiary health institution in Jos, North-central Nigeria between April and November 2019. Fifteen millilitres (15ml) of stool samples were collected from each patient after signing a consent form and filling a well-structured questionnaire. The oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum were identiﬁed in the stool samples using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results obtained were computed using SPSS version 21. The mean age (standard deviation) of the study participants was 37.0 (± SD9.6), with a minimum age of 20years and a maximum age of 63 years. The study comprises of 53(53.0%) males and 47(47.0%) females. Fifty-four (54) of the participants were on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs while 46 were ARV drug naïve. The prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among the study population was 13.0%. Cryptosporidiosis was found in 10(21.7%) of the 46 ARV drugs naïve participants and in 3(5.6%) of the 54 participants on antiretroviral therapy. This was statistically significant at p = 0.016. There was also a significant relationship (p = 0.012) between the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis and the level of CD4+ T-lymphocytes count of the study participants. The infection was more among participants with CD4+ T-lymphocytes count less than 200 cells/μl. This stress the need for good personal hygiene, sanitation and compliance to antiretroviral treatment among HIV/AIDS patients to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections such as cryptosporidiosis.

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Journal of BioMedical Research and Clinical Practice

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