职业杀毒:城市经验和人口的日常做法(乌克兰赫尔松案例)

Daria Malchykova, I. Pylypenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

战争、占领政权和所有其他形式的政治暴力对人类生活的各个方面都有多方面和独特的影响。在空间和时间维度上,城市始终是军事干预的首要目标。作为一种针对城市的具体暴力政策,杀城概念确定了对城市的物理和空间结构、城市经验和城市身份的直接或间接破坏性后果。本文分析了赫尔森功能的变化和其人口的日常实践,旨在生存的占领。可以确定的是,在占领期间,间接杀害城市的“软”情景之一被应用于城市,对城市的人口和经济衰退进行了选择性的恐怖。占领后的屠杀具有更严重的直接屠杀模式的所有迹象,因为该市不断遭到炮击,基础设施遭到大量破坏,人口结构和城市居民的心理情绪状态进一步恶化。公民与占领者的共存已被确定为主要挑战之一:1)城市空间的军事化和公然侵犯人权的普遍剥夺公民权;2)人道主义援助物资无法运送,当地商业和银行系统停止运作,俄罗斯卢布开始流通;3)禁止使用乌克兰通信和媒体,占领信息空间,改变城市身份;人口大量离开被占领的城市。这项研究总结了人民对战时和占领政权的挑战作出反应的战略。在军事占领制度限制的影响下,城市居民实现并发展了具体的安全、适应、利他、通信和基础设施日常实践。在俄罗斯目前大规模军事干预期间敌对行动的活跃阶段,这种日常做法的转变已成为生存、道德和民间抵抗机制的基础。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
OCCUPATION URBICIDE: URBAN EXPERIENCE AND EVERYDAY PRACTICES OF THE POPULATION (A CASE OF KHERSON, UKRAINE)
Wars, occupation regimes, and all other forms of political violence have a multidimensional and singular impact on all aspects of human life. In the spatial and temporal dimension, cities are always the primary targets of military interventions. The concept of urbicide as a specific violent policy against cities identifies direct or indirect destructive consequences for the physical and spatial structure of the city, urban experience, and urban identity. The article analyzes the changes in the functioning of Kherson and the everyday practices of its population aimed at surviving the occupation. It is determined that during the occupation, one of the «soft» scenarios of indirect urbicide was applied to the city with selective terror of the population and economic decline of the city. The post-occupation urbicide has all the signs of a more severe model of direct urbicide due to the constant shelling of the city, numerous damages to infrastructure, and further deterioration of the demographic structure and psycho-emotional state of the city's residents. The coexistence of citizens with the occupiers has been identified as one of the key challenges: 1) the militarization of urban space and a widespread sense of disenfranchisement with blatant human rights violations; 2) the absence of humanitarian aid deliveries, the cessation of local business, the banking system, and the introduction of the Russian ruble; 3) the elimination of access to Ukrainian communications and media, the occupation of the information space, and the transformation of urban identity; 4) the massive departure of the population from the occupied city. The study summarizes the strategies of the population's response to the challenges of wartime and the occupation regime. Under the influence of the restrictions of the military occupation regime, the city's population has actualized and developed specific security, adaptation, altruistic, communication and infrastructure everyday practices. In the active phase of hostilities during russia's current large-scale military intervention, this transformation of everyday practices has become the basis for mechanisms of survival, moral and civil resistance.
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