Histological Detection and Anti-oxidant Effect of Bee Venom on the Pancreas of Diabetic Mice

Bee venom BV draws attention in the medical field to manage several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Due to limited research on this field in Iraq, the study aimed to detect BV's histological and anti-oxidant impact in diabetic mice. Fifteen male mice were randomly assigned into three groups. The first group is control (C), the second is diabetic, and the last group is BV. At the end of 30 days, the obtained serum was used to measure the level of glucose, insulin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, the pancreas was histologically assessed using the Gomori stain. Alloxan showed significant elevation and reduction in the level of glucose and insulin compared to the control. These alterations were positively enhanced by BV. BV promoted significant elevation in the activity of SOD and suppressed MDA compared to diabetic mice. Histologically, diabetic mice pancreas displayed a reduction of capsular tissue, islets and beta cells vacuolization, beta cells initial degeneration, reduction in the shape and size of the islets and beta cells, and vascular hemorrhage. These changes were remarkably enhanced nearly to normal by BV. Therefore, BV could control the diabetic condition, which may be considered a potential anti-diabetic agent. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, SOD, MDA, pancreas, mice, BV