Biochemical Alteration and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Lymphoid Cells Involved in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

T cells are crucial for the inflammation development of metabolic disorder and insulin resistance and the cytokines of T cells are considered as an excellent evaluating tools for the immune system activity in many diseases. As cytokine profile associates with the development of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2-DM) is well understood the link between this disease and the involved immune cells still unclear. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Th1 pathway is disrupted in the pathogenesis of type 2DM. As such, we aimed to evaluate IL-12, which induces Th1 pathway, and IL-2 which mediates Th1 function. Paraffin-embedded sections of peripheral blood lymphocytes with T2-DM patients were stained with antibodies against CD4 and CD8. Computerized image analysis was used to calculate areas of stained lymphocytes taken from diabetic and control patients. Clinical data and blood samples were collected from Eighty-one (37.6±13.9 years old) diabetic Egyptian patients and 103 (40.5±12.7 years old) of normal control volunteer to evaluate the level of serum interleukin IL-2 and IL-12 in their blood by using ELISA technique. Routine laboratory analysis, including fasting blood glucose, CRP, lipid profile, fasting insulin, and CBC for each patient were measured. Immunohistochmical results in 2DM showed an increase in the numbers of CD8+ cells with a decrease in the numbers of CD4+ cells displayed. Diabetic patients showed decreased and increased values of IL-2 and IL_12, respectively as compared to control values. Conclusion: This data indicate the importance of these two cytokines in the pathogenesis of type-2 Diabetes mellitus. Article history: Received: March 18, 2019 Revised: April 5, 2019 Accepted: April 11, 2019