[腺苷:生理和药理作用]。

E Contreras
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引用次数: 0

摘要

腺苷在中枢和自主神经系统中发挥许多作用,其中大多数似乎是受体介导的。几项研究揭示了两种不同的受体,基于腺苷对腺苷酸环化酶活性的影响,根据环化酶是被抑制还是被激活设计了A1或A2。然而,由于并非所有的腺苷受体都与腺苷酸环化酶相连接,一些作者根据腺苷类似物引发反应的效力的等级顺序进行分类。嘌呤似乎在心脏、血液、回肠、输精管和脂肪组织中起调节作用。此外,支气管、膀胱、大肠带绦虫、胃壁细胞和肾素分泌也会对外源性添加的腺苷产生重要反应。腺苷及其类似物通过其在中枢神经系统中的作用引起抗惊厥反应,镇静和降低体温。腺苷引起其反应的机制尚不清楚。A1受体的激活抑制了神经递质的释放,抑制了Ca向神经末梢的内流。这种作用是由钙离子通道的相互作用引起的,还是由与神经递质释放相关的钙依赖过程的损伤引起的,目前尚不清楚。在大鼠心脏中,腺苷抑制腺苷酸环化酶并随后抑制l型钙通道的磷酸化,导致肌肉细胞内钙流入减少。平滑肌对A2受体激活的反应包括松弛,这可能是由于K电流的增加导致细胞超极化。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Adenosine: physiological and pharmacological actions].

Adenosine exerts numerous effects in the central and autonomic nervous systems, most of which seem to be receptor mediated. Several studies have revealed two distinct receptors, based upon effects of adenosine on adenylate cyclase activity, designed A1 or A2 according to whether the cyclase is inhibited or activated. However, since not all adenosine receptors are linked to adenylate cyclase some authors base their classification on the rank orders of potencies of adenosine analogues in eliciting responses. The purine seems to function as a modulatory substance in the heart, blood, ileum, vas deferens, and adipose tissue. In addition, important responses to exogenously added adenosine are also induced in the bronchi, urinary bladder, taenia coli, parietal cells of the stomach and renin secretion. Adenosine and its analogues elicit anticonvulsant responses, sedation and hypothermia through their actions in the central nervous system. The mechanisms by which adenosine elicits its responses have not been clearly established. The activation of A1 receptors depresses the release of neurotransmitters and inhibit the influx of Ca into nerve terminals. Whether this effect is induced by interaction with Ca channels or by impairment of Ca dependent processes associated with neurotransmitter release is unknown. In the rat heart adenosine inhibits adenylate cyclase and subsequently the phosphorylation of L-type Ca channels, resulting in a decrease of calcium influx in the muscle cell. The responses to activation of A2 receptors in smooth muscle consist in relaxation presumptively by an increase of K current which would hyperpolarize the cell.

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