加里宁格勒居民历史记忆中的5号堡垒

S.A. Fostova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

Königsberg堡垒№5“弗里德里希·威廉三世”,建于19世纪下半叶,在第二次世界大战之前从未用于军事行动。但在1945年4月苏军Königsberg的风暴中,它暴露在白俄罗斯第3方面军各种力量的攻击下长达4天,被德国司令部投降。后来,有15人被授予“苏联英雄”称号。这篇文章是基于加里宁格勒地区历史和艺术博物馆档案中1970 - 80年代未发表的文件,这些文件与东普鲁士入侵事件有关。作者研究了将前德国堡垒纳入苏联加里宁格勒居民历史记忆的过程。这篇文章确定了这座堡垒在其他防御工事中被博物馆化的原因,以及它作为一个记忆之地的形成。将堡垒变成纪念馆的两个概念计划被详细描述和分析:来自莫斯科组织Rosmonumentyskusstvo的雕塑家和地区历史和艺术博物馆的工作人员的项目。结论是关于重建的原则和在调整德国纪念碑的过程中可以接受的限制,以适应旨在用苏联属性填充城市历史景观的记忆政策的目标。结论证实了在5号堡开放的纪念馆的关键作用,作为该地区过去和该地区居民之间的调解人(媒体),促进了红军攻占Königsberg的历史叙述,作为1945年东普鲁士行动的中心事件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
FORT №5 IN THE HISTORICAL MEMORY OF KALININGRAD RESIDENTS
The Königsberg Fort № 5 “Friedrich Wilhelm III”, built in the second half of the 19th century was never used in military operations before the Second World War. But during the storm of Königsberg by the Soviet troops in April, 1945, it had been exposed to the attacks of all kinds of forces of the 3rd Belorussian front for four days and was surrendered by the German command. Later fifteen men were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the fort storming. The article is based on the unpublished documents dating from 1970—1980s from the archives of the Kaliningrad Regional Museum of History and Art which are related to the events of the East Prussian invasion. The author studies the process of including the former German fortress in the historical memory of the Soviet Kaliningrad inhabitants. The article identifies the reasons for the museumisation of the fortress among other fortification structures and its formation as a place of memory. Two concept plans of turning the fort into a memorial are described and analyzed in detail: projects by sculptors from the Moscow organization Rosmonumentyskusstvo and by workers of the Regional Museum of History and Art. The conclusion is made about the principles of reconstruction and the limits of what is admissible in the process of adjusting the German monuments to the objectives of the memory policy aimed at filling the historic landscape of the city with the Soviet attributes. The conclusion substantiates the key role of the memorial opened at Fort № 5 as a mediator (media) between the past of the region and the inhabitants of the region to promote the historical narrative about the storming of Königsberg by the Red Army as the central event of the East Prussian operation of 1945.
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