对多种语言

J. Edwards
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引用次数: 0

摘要

学术界和大众对语言能力及其所谓的认知后果的关注有所发展。从理论上和应用上讲,重点最初都放在单语流利上。事实上,在一些“大语言”环境中,单语仍然是默认规范的感觉仍然存在。可以说,当人们开始认真考虑双语问题时,就出现了第二阶段——考虑到世界各地一直盛行的现实环境,这一阶段肯定早就应该出现了。这一阶段最有趣的方面之一是明显的经验证明双语与认知优势相关。尽管这似乎是对早期和完全相反的观点的一种可喜的纠正,但事实证明,证据远非明确无误。现在看来,虽然扩大语言库当然是有益的,但已知语言和认知能力之间并没有简单的对应关系。在个人和社会层面上对双语和多语的研究现在是常规的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Towards multilingualism
There has been a development in both scholarly and popular attention to language capabilities and their alleged cognitive consequences. Emphasis, both theoretical and applied, was initially given to monolingual fluencies. Indeed, the sense that monolingualism is still somehow the default norm remains in some ‘large-language’ contexts. A second stage, as it were, arose when serious consideration began to be given to bilingualism—a phase surely long overdue, given the real-life circumstances that have always prevailed around the world. One of the most interesting aspects of this phase has been the apparent empirical demonstration that bilingualism correlates with cognitive advantage. Although this seems a welcome corrective to earlier and quite opposite views, the evidence turns out to be far from unequivocal. It now appears likely that, while expanded linguistic repertoires are of course beneficial, there are no simple correspondences between languages known and cognitive capacities. Research on bilingualism and multilingualism, at both individual and social levels, is now routine.
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