空间中的微流体和大流体:经国际空间站验证的流体传输和处理概念

Job Nijhuis, Svenja Schmidt, N. Tran, V. Hessel
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引用次数: 14

摘要

在地外条件下,即微重力条件下的流体运输和处理,需要的系统工程与在地球上有很大不同。在地球上,流体处理装置的很大一部分本质上依赖于浮力来运输和处理流体。然而,在太空中,由于重力的强烈减弱,浮力的影响可以忽略不计,导致表面张力占主导地位。表面张力在微重力过程中也起着主导作用,这使得微流体成为微重力下流体输送和处理的一种很有前途的技术。最近,在国际空间站上研究了三种不同的适合微流体的流体行为现象:毛细管驱动流动、热毛细管马兰戈尼力和电解气体演化驱动流动,这些现象可能会进一步促进空间流体的操纵。此外,还需要注意消除空间中液体体中不需要的气泡的策略,因为它们可能会损坏敏感设备:网格筛毛细和开放楔形通道已被确定为有前途的方法。最后,通过空间任务期间的日常活动,如饮水、植物浇水和收集生物特征数据,说明了空间流体处理的相关性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Microfluidics and Macrofluidics in Space: ISS-Proven Fluidic Transport and Handling Concepts
Fluid transport and handling in extraterrestrial conditions, i.e. microgravity, require significantly different system engineering than here on Earth. On Earth, a notable part of fluid processing units inherently relies on buoyancy to transport and handle fluids. In space, however, buoyancy effects are negligible due to the strong diminishment of gravity, resulting in the domination of surface tension forces. Surface tension forces are also dominating micro-scale processes in gravity, making microfluidics a promising technology for fluidic transport and handling in microgravity. Recently, three different microfluidics-suitable fluid behavior phenomena have been studied on the ISS that might further facilitate the manipulation of fluids in space: capillary-driven flow, thermocapillary Marangoni forces, and electrolytic gas evolution-driven flow. Furthermore, attention is drawn for strategies to eliminate unwanted bubbles from liquid bodies in space, as they can damage sensitive equipment: Mesh-screen capillarity and open wedge channels have been identified as promising approaches. Finally, the relevance of fluid handling in space is illustrated with everyday activities during space missions, such as drinking, plant watering, and gathering biometric data.
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