Infection and inflammation

This chapter discusses infection and inflammation and includes discussion on the general principles of infection control (involving discussion on ventilator-associated pneumonia, urinary catheters, antimicrobial stewardship and resistance, and prevention of transmission of infection), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; HIV testing in the critical care setting, antiretroviral therapy in the critically ill patient, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, and toxoplasmosis encephalitis), severe falciparum malaria, vasculitides in the intensive care unit, source control (prophylaxis, antibiotics, abscess, necrotic tissue, and infected foreign body), selective decontamination of the digestive tract (including discussion on theory, potential pathogenic microorganisms, and typical protocol), markers of infection, and adrenal insufficiency and sepsis.