Chapter 9. Metal-based Antimicrobials

This chapter describes the antimicrobial uses of metals and metal-based compounds. It follows the historical use of metal-based antimicrobials (MBAs), their decline with the emergence of antibiotics and subsequent rediscovery with the advent of antibiotic resistance. Here, the potential mechanisms of metal toxicity are discussed, including binding biochemistries, production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, inhibition of protein/enzyme activity, interaction with the lipid cell membrane and effects on nutrient uptake and DNA damage. The potential of MBA nanoparticles, their use and the mechanisms of toxicity are briefly discussed. Current applications and formulations of a wide range of MBAs are examined and the consequences associated with their use provides the reader with recognition of our responsibility to prevent misuse.