乌克兰人的潜力的社会经济成分分析

V. Shevchuk
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摘要

本文分析了劳动力市场功能的主要指标,通过这些指标表征了人的潜力的社会经济成分。在研究过程中使用了许多一般的科学研究方法和特殊的研究方法:抽象方法、分析与综合方法、归纳与演绎方法、图形分析法、系统分析法。作者考虑了下列标准:人口动态、失业率(按性别、年龄组和地区划分的总数)、失业中的性别差距、不工作、不学习和不获得专业技能的年轻人的一部分(啃老族)、就业水平(按性别、年龄组和地区划分的总体)、就业中的性别差距、自营职业者和受雇于非正规经济部门的部分。根据作者进行的研究,发现乌克兰劳动力市场的特点是人口减少,预计在未来几十年内,经济活动人口数量将减少;乌克兰失业水平的动态是多向的,这是近年来COVID-19大流行的非典型性质造成的;在乌克兰失业的年龄结构中,15-24岁的人占明显优势;在截至2020年及包括2020年的失业性别结构中,观察到男性显著占主导地位;失业中的性别差距正在缩小;15-24岁不工作、不学习、不掌握专业技能的年轻人比例略有下降;自2019年以来,除50-59岁年龄段外,所有年龄段的就业率均呈稳步下降趋势;就业的性别结构显示出明显的男性优势;就业中的性别差距相当大;近年来,部分自营职业者和非正规经济部门的雇员几乎没有变化。自2018年以来,劳动力市场上的职位空缺数量趋于减少,而失业人数趋于增加。根据对这些指标的分析,确定了劳动力市场的全球性问题和乌克兰人的潜力的社会经济组成部分的形成。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE'S HUMAN POTENTIAL
The main indicators of the labor market functioning are analyzed in the article, through which the socioeconomic component of human potential is characterized. Number of general scientific and special research methods were used during the research: the method of abstraction, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, graphic-analytical method, system analysis. The author considered the following criteria: population dynamics, unemployment rate (total, by sex, by age group and by region), gender gap in unemployment, part of young people who do not work, do not study and do not acquire professional skills (NEET generation), level employment (overall, by sex, by age groups and regions), gender gap in employment, part of self-employed and employed in the informal economy sector. On the basis of the research carried out by the author, it was found that the labor market of Ukraine is characterized by a demographic decline, which is also predicted during the next decades, a decrease in the number of economically active population; the dynamics of the level of unemployment in Ukraine is multidirectional, which in recent years was a consequence of the atypical nature of the COVID-19 pandemic; in the age structure of unemployment in Ukraine, there is a significant predominance of persons aged 15-24; in the gender structure of unemployment up to and including 2020, a significant male predominance was observed; the gender gap in unemployment is decreasing; part of young people aged 15-24 who do not work, do not study and do not acquire professional skills decreases at a slight rate; since 2019, the employment rate has a steady downward trend in all age groups, except for 50-59 years; the gender structure of employment shows a significant male predominance; the gender gap in employment is quite large; part of self-employed and employed in the informal sector of the economy has remained almost unchanged in recent years. Since 2018, the number of vacancies on the labor market has tended to decrease, while the number of unemployed has tended to increase. Based on the analysis of these indicators, were determined the global problems of the labor market and the formation of the socio-economic component of the Ukraine’s human potential.
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