20世纪跨喀尔巴阡山脉博物馆历史的史学研究

Victoria Kuzma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章分析了20世纪喀尔巴阡山脉外博物馆工作史的史学遗产。强调了跨喀尔巴阡山脉博物馆创建和形成的历史条件,并揭示了博物馆作为保存和研究该地区文化遗产的公共机构的作用。根据前苏联时期(20世纪20年代和30年代)、苏联时期(1945年至80年代)和现代乌克兰时期(1991年以来)的时间顺序原则,突出了20世纪喀尔巴阡山脉外博物馆研究的主要阶段。值得注意的是,在喀尔巴阡山脉外博物馆建设的历史发展过程中,无论是数量上还是内容上,原始信息的来源都是不均衡的。因此,关于区域博物馆教育的起源和形成阶段的证据极为有限。只有在20世纪20年代和30年代,当喀尔巴阡山脉的领土是捷克斯洛伐克共和国的一部分时,公众才开始越来越多地关注民族传统、历史、文化和艺术。第一次尝试创建博物馆是由公共协会- T.列戈茨基博物馆协会(1919年),普罗斯维塔协会(1920年),地区博物馆协会(1929年),“俄罗斯国家博物馆”协会(1930年),Subcarpathian Rus民族志协会(1939年)。有科学家、公众人物、当地历史学家以及文化和教育协会的成员留下了他们的记忆,并将他们的研究奉献给了博物馆的工作。然而,这些研究主要是在单独的博物馆进行的。苏联政权在该地区建立后,博物馆机构的网络不断增长,这一点从对这个问题的巨大科学兴趣中可以看出。除了描述性的作品外,还出现了概括性的作品。对这个问题的兴趣爆发于上世纪90年代,当时乌克兰历史学家摆脱了苏联史学的意识形态局限。在喀尔巴阡山脉外的科学家中,在博物馆工作的各种背景下进行科学研究的数量也在增加。然而,今天可以说缺乏全面的科学工作来考虑20世纪外喀尔巴阡山脉博物馆工作的先决条件、形成阶段和发展的第一步。对于这个问题也没有专门的史学著作或史学评论。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF THE MUSEUM WORK IN TRANSCARPATHIA OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The article analysed the historiographical heritage of the history of museum work in Transcarpathia in the 20th century. The historical conditions of the creation and formation of the museums of Transcarpathia have been highlighted, and the museum's role as a public institution for the preservation and study of the region's cultural heritage has been revealed. The main stages of the research of the Transcarpathian Museum of the 20th century are highlighted according to the chronological principle of the pre-Soviet period (the 1920s and 1930s), the Soviet period (1945 – 1980s), and the modern Ukrainian period (since 1991). It's worth noting that the process of the historical development of museum construction in Transcarpathia is provided with sources of primary information unevenly, both quantitatively and substantively. Thus, the evidence regarding the stage of origin and formation of regional museum education is extremely limited. Only in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century, when the territory of Transcarpathia was part of the Czechoslovak Republic, the public increasingly began to show increased attention to national traditions, history, culture, and art. The first attempts to create a museum were made by public associations – T. Legotsky Museum Society (1919), Prosvita Society (1920), Regional Museum Society (1929), Society "Russian National Museum" (1930), Ethnographic Society of Subcarpathian Rus (1939). There were scientists, public figures, local historians, and members of cultural and educational societies who left their memories and dedicated their research to the museum work. However, these studies were mainly devoted to separate museums. After the establishment of Soviet power in the region, the network of museum institutions was constantly growing, as proved by the great scientific interest in this problem. In addition to descriptive works, generalizing ones also appear. The burst of interest in the problem occurred in the 1990s when Ukrainian historians got rid of the ideological limitations of Soviet historiography. The number of scientific studies in various contexts of the museum work is also increasing among Transcarpathian scientists. However, today it is possible to state the absence of a comprehensive scientific work that would consider the preconditions, stages of formation, and the first steps of developing the museum work in Transcarpathia in the 20th century. There are also no particular historiographical works or historiographical reviews of this problem.
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