Methods of care and non-pharmacological treatment of delirium in elderly patients

The occurrence of delirium in the elderly population is an indication for rapid implementation of adequate treatment. The treatment itself is not focused on administering drugs, but depends on all available knowledge about the patient such as the patient’s medical history, living conditions or communication skills. Delirium is usually a result of the overlapping predispositioning and triggering factors. Prevention is based on eliminating or mitigating the conditions promoting this clinical syndrome. Non-pharmacological treatment includes: avoiding orthostatic and postprandial hypotension, maintaining physical fitness, monitoring mood disorders, especially depressive syndrome and improving cognitive functions. It is crucial to determine and address these factors among patients. Proper, relevant actions need to be implemented. This basic knowledge and appropriate involvement of caregivers (both formal and informal) are necessary to reduce the frequency, duration and severity of delirium, which develops in observed patients. Non-medical caregivers are advised to follow the rules formulated by geriatrists of proceeding with patients in order to minimize the risk of developing delirium.