评价制剂“Feliferon”®在猫传染性鼻气管炎综合治疗中的有效性

V. O. Ruban, R. V. Severin, A. Gontar, G. V. Ponomarenko, G. M. Stager, O. M. Bobryts’ka
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摘要

主题的相关性。传染性猫鼻气管炎与疱疹病毒感染一样,是一种以眼睛和呼吸系统损伤为特征的急性疾病。不论年龄大小,所有品种的猫都会生病。小猫可以被携带病毒的母亲感染。在健康动物的小种群中,该病毒的流行率不到1%,而在大种群中,该病毒的流行率可达20%。在避难所,污染和感染的风险更高——高达50%。几乎所有原发感染的动物在其一生中都会成为潜伏携带者。发病率可达55%,死亡率为5 - 25%。病原体-一种含dna的病毒对鼻腔、扁桃体、气管、结膜的粘膜上皮细胞有趋向性。检测潜伏携带的诊断方法尚未开发,因为病毒以基因组DNA的形式存在于潜伏感染的神经元的细胞核中,没有复制。猫鼻气管炎的实验室诊断目前最常通过分离病原体或使用口腔和结膜拭子进行PCR进行。PCR方法可以检测到病毒,是实验室诊断的“金标准”。可在血清、结膜黏液和脑脊液中使用中和试验或ELISA检测病原体抗体。目前尚无直接诊断慢性或潜伏期疱疹病毒感染的方法。对于小宠物病毒性疾病的治疗,免疫调节剂被广泛使用,它可以刺激免疫系统。有些药物倾向于诱导体内自身产生干扰素。然而,由于疾病发病机制的特殊性和病原体的复制性,它们的使用往往不会产生治疗效果。迄今为止,国内市场上还没有基于猫干扰素物种特异性的制剂,并且由于在动物体内形成中和抗体,使用人干扰素治疗猫病毒感染的尝试没有取得预期的效果,并且疗程延长和重复。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the preparation «Feliferon»® in the complex therapy of infectious rhinotracheitis of cats
Relevance of the topic. Infectious feline rhinotracheitis, like herpesvirus infection is an acute disease characterized by damage to the eyes and respiratory system. Cats of all breeds are ill regardless of age. Kittens can become infected from mothers carrying the virus. In small populations of healthy animals the prevalence of the virus is less than 1 %, while in large populations it can reach 20 %. In shelters, the risk of contamination and infection is higher - up to 50 %. Almost all animals with primary infection become latent carriers throughout their lives. The incidence can reach 55%, the mortality rate is 5 – 25 %. The causative agent - a DNA-containing virus has a tropism for the epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity, tonsils, trachea, conjunctiva. Diagnostic methods for detecting latent carriage have not yet been developed, since the virus remains in the form of genomic DNA in the nucleus of latently infected neurons without replication. Laboratory diagnosis of feline rhinotracheitis is currently most often performed by isolating the pathogen or by PCR using swabs from the oral cavity and conjunctiva. The PCR method allows detecting the virus and is the laboratory “gold standard” of diagnostics. Antibodies to the pathogen can be detected using a neutralization test or ELISA in serum, conjunctival mucus and cerebrospinal fluid. Direct methods for diagnosing herpesvirus infection in chronic or latent course have not been developed. For the treatment of viral diseases of small pets, immunomodulators are widely used, which stimulate the immune system. Some drugs tend to induce the production of its own interferon in the body. However, their use often does not give a therapeutic effect due to the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease and the replication of the pathogen. To date, preparations based on the species-specificity of feline interferon have not been available on the domestic market, and attempts to use human interferon for the treatment of viral infections in cats have not yielded the expected result with prolonged and repeated courses due to the formation of neutralizing antibodies in the animal's body.
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