Global Environmental Politics and Developing Nations' Climatic Vulnerability Nexus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Climate change is arguably one of the most formidable environmental problems the world is facing nowadays and global environmental politics apprehends the complications further given its interdisciplinary nature and the scientific difficulties involved in climate change. Bangladesh has been recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change as per the Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) 2018 at global stage emitting only 0.36 percent Greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, per-fluorocarbon, hydro-fluorocarbon, and sulfur hexafluoride) of total global GHG emission, which is lower than most of the countries. A paradox is felt across the globe is that the five major GHG emitting countries emit more than 60 percent of total global GHG emission but are not facing immediate climate risks. While on the contrary, countries like Bangladesh, Maldives, Lesotho or Tuvalu have little to do with GHG emissions but are most exposed to the long-term adverse impact of climate change. More to add, the most exposed countries to climate change are mostly developing or least developed and cannot fund their plans to fight out the climate change. In this global context, the countries at apex climatic risk despite demanding adequate financial support are not getting though. Being devoid of proper assistance from global community, they are getting more exposed to the climatic consequences and rushing to a possible extinction from the world map. This is being realized the most after a major GHG emitting country left Paris Agreement in 2017, believed to be influenced by international environmental politics, to pursue some short-term benefits leaving the long-term goals, and also has vowed to restructure the carbon regulations imposed by the previous administration. With the withdrawal of such a strong economic power from the agreement that pledged 3 billion dollars to the UN Green Climate Fund, at least two-thirds of the pledged amount is at Proceeding, International Conference on Climate Change (ICCC-2019), Dhaka, Bangladesh, 01-03 March, 2019 risk. Also, with the proposed restructuring of the carbon regulations, the global target to reduce carbon emission is expected to receive a major blow. This paper will explore the nexus between nature of global environmental politics and its implications on climate-vulnerable nation's as well as act as a future guideline toward the practitioners and nationwide policymakers in mainstreaming the inclusive resilience issues for the safeguard of the climatic hazard prone third world countries.