实验性变应性炎症过程中豚鼠肺呼吸部分的形态学特征

S. Popko
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摘要

考虑到吸入空气中所含的环境中的致病和非致病因素,呼吸道成分的主要功能是气体交换,同时维持肺内的稳态。目前,人类和适应性动物在机体各种因素的影响下,肺呼吸部分各组成部分的形态学变化研究尚不充分。本研究旨在探讨实验性卵清蛋白致变应性炎症动态中豚鼠肺呼吸部分成分的形态学变化。我们采用组织学和电镜方法研究了48只雄性豚鼠卵清蛋白诱导的实验性变应性炎症,通过皮下致敏和随后鼻内吸入卵清蛋白来模拟。在变应性炎症过程的早期和晚期,在光学和亚显微镜水平上确定了肺部呼吸道成分的形态学变化。早期(实验第23天和第30天)以替代性和破坏性改变为主,包括肺泡上皮脱屑,破坏血气屏障和血液微循环床。II型肺泡细胞有不同程度的损伤,表现为板层体缺失或其内容物形成紊乱,细胞质空泡化,线粒体损伤。在变应性炎症发展的后期(实验第36天和第44天),肺呼吸部位以适应性和恢复性变化为主。此外,我们观察到肺泡扩张和肺泡间隔变薄,这是由于过敏原作用导致局部神经内分泌和肺免疫系统级联反应的结果。因此,实验性卵清蛋白诱导的呼吸道过敏性炎症过程伴随着豚鼠肺呼吸部分成分的结构和功能变化,这取决于实验的持续时间。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Morphological features of the respiratory part in guinea pigs lung in dynamics of experimental allergic inflammatory process
The main function of the components of the respiratory tract is gas exchange while maintaining homeostasis in lung, given the pathogenic and non-pathogenic elements of the environment contained in the inhaled air. Morphological changes of the components of the respiratory part in lung of human and animals of adaptive nature under the influence of various factors on the body today remain insufficiently studied. The aim of the study was to investigate the morphological changes of the components of the respiratory part of guinea pigs lung in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. We used histological and electron microscopic methods to study the lungs of 48 male guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent intranasal inhalation with ovalbumin. Morphological changes of the components of the respiratory tract of the lungs were determined in the early and late phases of allergic inflammatory process at the optical and submicroscopic levels. The early phase (23rd and 30th days of the experiment) was characterized by a predominance of alterative and destructive changes, consisted in the desquamation of the alveolar epithelium with a violation of the blood-gas barrier and hemomicrocirculatory bed. Type II alveolar cells had lesions of varying severity in the form of the absence of lamellar bodies or disturbances in the formation of their contents, vacuolization of the cytoplasm, mitochondrial damage. In the late phase of the development of the allergic inflammatory process (36th and 44th days of the experiment) in the respiratory part of lung were dominated adaptive and restorative changes. In addition, we observed dilation of the lung alveoli and thinning of the interalveolar septa, which is a consequence of the cascade of reactions of the local neuroendocrine and immune systems of lung as a result of allergen action. Thus, experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammatory process of the respiratory tract is accompanied by structural and functional changes in the components of the respiratory part in lung of guinea pigs in stages depending on the duration of the experiment.
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