阿富汗关于毒品的刑事政策

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摘要

自从阿富汗的政治稳定和秩序在第五个十年,特别是第四个十年的最后一个十年遭到破坏以来,出现了一些不同类型的有组织犯罪和犯罪集团,其中与毒品有关的犯罪,如生产、分发和走私麻醉品,在全国范围内大量发生,影响到该国的所有政治、安全、经济和法律部门:此外,毒品犯罪团伙能够渗透通过毒品获得的巨额资金。阿富汗政府自成立以来,就认为自己有义务根据2003年制定的宪法,通过制定一些规则来打击毒品,这些规则反映了其与毒品有关的刑事政策,即2009年制定的“打击和控制酒精和麻醉品”规则。第二篇文章从预防、斗争、改革、治理四个方面对上述政策进行了阐述。政府通过成立反毒品高级委员会来负责这个问题。尽管存在这些问题,但这一政策的主要、明显和弱点是对合作刑事政策的忽视:也就是说,公民社会、非国家公共媒体、宗教实体和dragomen社区本可以成为权力的有力武器,却没有明确和合法的地位,除此之外,由于宗教和部落文化一直是阿富汗社会和政策的两大重要因素,它们的能力和潜力都没有得到利用,这是国家丧失的主要原因之一。最重要的是,任何有组织的毒品犯罪网络渗透到不同的国家领域,如部长理事会、国家理事会、司法和司法系统、安全和调查官员以及司法歧视官员,也使这项政策得不到发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Afghanistan criminal policy in regard with the narcotics
Since the destruction of Afghanistan political stability and order in the fifth decade, and especially last of forth decades, some various types of organized crimes and criminal groups have emerged, out of which the drugs- related crimes like producing, distributing and smuggling narcotics have been committed vastly nation wide, which have affected all political, security, economical and legal sectors of the country: moreover, the drugs-related criminal bands have been able to penetrate huge capital which has been obtained through the drugs. Afghanistan government, since its foundation, has regarded itself obliged, according to the laid constitution of 2003, to act against the narcotics by exacting some rules which reflects its drugs-tied criminal policy is the 2009 - exacted rules of " Fighting against and controlling the alcoholic and narcotic substances". Whose second article is the explanation of the cited policy in various aspects which concentrates on preventing , fighting, reforming an curing. the one who is in charge of it is the government by founding the high commission of acting against drugs. In spite of these issues, the main, clear and weak point of this policy is the negligence of a cooperative criminal policy: that is to say, the civil society, non-state public media, the religious entities and the dragomen community, who could have been strong arms of the authority, have no defined and legal places, beside this, as religion and tribe culture have been two significant factors in Afghanistan society and policy, their capacity and potentiality have neither been used, which is one of the main causes of the state loss. Above all, the penetration of any organized drug crimes networks into different state arenas, like the council of ministers, the national council, the judicial and justice system, the security and investigation officials and also the judicial distaining officials, have also made the policy not grown.
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