Fault diagnosis schemes for secure lightweight cryptographic block cipher RECTANGLE benchmarked on FPGA

The security and reliability of cryptosystems are endangered with natural occurring and malicious injected faults by leakage of the information. Efficient trade off among minimum performance and implementation metrics and high level of security for cryptosystems in constrained applications has led to proposed error detection schemes for lightweight block ciphers. These ciphers provide low-cost confidentiality in terms of low hardware complexity and fast implementation. In this paper, we propose fault diagnosis schemes for an efficient lightweight block cipher, RECTANGLE, to ensure high level of security with low hardware overhead incorporated for error detection. This cipher offers efficient performance in both hardware and software implementation using bit-slice techniques. To the best of authors' knowledge, no prior error detection scheme has been presented in literature for RECTANGLE to date. The proposed error detection schemes that are provided for the S-box layer, Player, and for the round structures with 80-bit or 128-bit key sizes, are benchmarked on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) hardware platform to assess their suitability. The error coverage of these schemes is close to 100% (assessed with fault injection simulation) and the induced overheads are low, increasing the reliability of the hardware architectures of RECTANGLE.