战后西德重建的资源与机制(1945-1962)

N. Suprun
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引用次数: 3

摘要

本文致力于德国战后重建(1945-1962)最有效的资源和机制的定义。本研究是在比较占领当局的管理措施、马歇尔计划的机制和德国政府的经济改革在德国恢复和进一步经济崛起过程中的有效性和作用的基础上进行的。这个问题是在研究对立的经济理论(计划指导和新自由主义)的相互影响的背景下考虑的,并对占领当局和国家政府的理论方法进行比较分析,这决定了它们相互作用的结构和德国战后重建的主要机制。本文表明,尽管美国在马歇尔计划中提供了大规模的财政和组织援助,但德国政府以确保国家利益和实现国民生产的竞争优势为目标的有效政策为转型成功奠定了框架条件。确定阿登纳德国政府经济改革的制度基础是经济自由化和社会市场经济模式的发展,其实施的发起者是国民经济部长,后来是德意志联邦共和国总理艾哈德。经济自由化改革的一个基本组成部分是对商业的大规模放松管制,其中规定取消大多数阻碍性的规章,并为发展私人企业精神制定刺激性的规范,特别是税收和信贷工具的自由化。政府改革政策的战略方向确定为国民经济现代化,包括支持发展具有战略意义的产业和振兴工业生产。建立社会市场经济国家模式的明确愿景、理论的稳定和政府方针的政治一致性确保了经济改革的有效性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Resources and mechanisms of the post-war reconstruction of West Germany (1945–1962)
The article is devoted to the definition of the most effective resources and mechanisms of the post-war reconstruction of Germany (1945–1962). The study was carried out on the basis of a comparison of the effectiveness and role of the management measures of the occupation authorities, the mechanisms of the Marshall Plan and the economic reforms of the German government in the restoration and further economic rise of Germany. This question is considered in the context of the study of the mutual influence of antagonistic economic doctrines (planning-directive and neoliberal) and a comparative analysis of the doctrinal approaches of the occupation authorities and the national government, which determined the configuration of their interaction and the leading mechanisms of post-war reconstruction in Germany. The article shows that despite large-scale American financial and organizational assistance within the Marshall Plan, the framework conditions for successful transformations were laid by the effective policy of the German government, which was directed at ensuring national interests and realizing the competitive advantages of national production. It was determined that the institutional basis of the economic reforms of the German government of K. Adenauer was the liberalization of the economy and the development of the model of the social market economy, the initiator of the implementation of which was the Minister of National Economy, and later the Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany L. Erhard. One of the basic components of economic liberalization reforms was the large-scale deregulation of business, which provided for the removal of most blocking regulations and the creation of stimulating norms for the development of private entrepreneurship, in particular, the liberalization of tax and credit instruments. The strategic direction of the government's reform policy was determined to be the modernization of the national economy, which included support for the development of strategically important industries and renewal of industrial production. The effectiveness of economic reforms was ensured by a clearly defined vision of building a national model of the social market economy, doctrinal stability and political consistency of the government's course.
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