Unified particle-based coupling algorithm for stable soft tissue-blood interaction

The stable physical simulation of soft tissue-blood interaction is indispensable for virtual surgery. In this paper a novel unified particle-based algorithm, eliminating the need to define an interface for coupling different models, is presented to simulate soft tissue-blood interaction based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). In this method tissue-blood interaction is treated as fluid-fluid interaction with large rest density ratio, therefore interaction forces between particles can be computed by unified SPH model. Moreover, a simple penetration detection and velocity correction is adopted to prevent blood leaking into soft tissue. In order to strengthen interaction simulation realism, a surface tension model with a stable and accurate surface curvature calculation are provided. The experimental results show that this model is capable of animating the realistic and stable soft tissue-blood interaction.