心理科学遇见易受骗的后真相世界

D. Myers
{"title":"心理科学遇见易受骗的后真相世界","authors":"D. Myers","doi":"10.4324/9780429203787-5","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"For us researcher-educators, the spread of misinformation is troubling. In the United States, for example, we feel distressed when public understandings radically diverge from reality—when voters believe, contrary to evidence, that crime is rising, that new immigrants are often criminals, that under Obama unemployment rose, and that climate change is a hoax. Such gullibility crosses partisan lines. Most U.S. Democrats wrongly believed inflation had risen under Republican president Ronald Reagan. And most Republicans believed that taxes and unemployment had increased under Democratic president Barack Obama. Some misinformation is intentional fake news—“lies in the guise of news.” But social-cognitive dynamics also feed gullibility. There is persuasive power to mere repetition, the availability heuristic, confirmation bias, self-justification, statistical illiteracy, group polarization, and overconfidence. And there is counteracting, truth-supportive power to evidence-based scientific scrutiny, education into critical thinking, and the religious mandate for humility.","PeriodicalId":141936,"journal":{"name":"The Social Psychology of Gullibility","volume":"766 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"9","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Psychological Science Meets a Gullible Post-Truth World\",\"authors\":\"D. Myers\",\"doi\":\"10.4324/9780429203787-5\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"For us researcher-educators, the spread of misinformation is troubling. In the United States, for example, we feel distressed when public understandings radically diverge from reality—when voters believe, contrary to evidence, that crime is rising, that new immigrants are often criminals, that under Obama unemployment rose, and that climate change is a hoax. Such gullibility crosses partisan lines. Most U.S. Democrats wrongly believed inflation had risen under Republican president Ronald Reagan. And most Republicans believed that taxes and unemployment had increased under Democratic president Barack Obama. Some misinformation is intentional fake news—“lies in the guise of news.” But social-cognitive dynamics also feed gullibility. There is persuasive power to mere repetition, the availability heuristic, confirmation bias, self-justification, statistical illiteracy, group polarization, and overconfidence. And there is counteracting, truth-supportive power to evidence-based scientific scrutiny, education into critical thinking, and the religious mandate for humility.\",\"PeriodicalId\":141936,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"The Social Psychology of Gullibility\",\"volume\":\"766 1\",\"pages\":\"0\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2019-04-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"9\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"The Social Psychology of Gullibility\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203787-5\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The Social Psychology of Gullibility","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429203787-5","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9

摘要

对于我们这些研究和教育工作者来说,错误信息的传播令人不安。例如,在美国,当公众的理解与现实大相径庭时——当选民与证据相反地认为犯罪率在上升、新移民往往是罪犯、奥巴马执政期间失业率上升、气候变化是一个骗局时——我们感到痛心。这种轻信跨越了党派界限。大多数美国民主党人错误地认为,在共和党总统罗纳德·里根(Ronald Reagan)任内,通货膨胀率上升了。大多数共和党人认为,在民主党总统奥巴马的领导下,税收和失业率有所上升。有些错误信息是故意的假新闻——“披着新闻的外衣撒谎”。但社会认知动态也助长了轻信。单纯的重复、可用性启发、确认偏差、自我辩护、统计文盲、群体极化和过度自信都有说服力。以证据为基础的科学审查,批判性思维的教育,以及谦卑的宗教使命,都有一种对抗的、支持真理的力量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Psychological Science Meets a Gullible Post-Truth World
For us researcher-educators, the spread of misinformation is troubling. In the United States, for example, we feel distressed when public understandings radically diverge from reality—when voters believe, contrary to evidence, that crime is rising, that new immigrants are often criminals, that under Obama unemployment rose, and that climate change is a hoax. Such gullibility crosses partisan lines. Most U.S. Democrats wrongly believed inflation had risen under Republican president Ronald Reagan. And most Republicans believed that taxes and unemployment had increased under Democratic president Barack Obama. Some misinformation is intentional fake news—“lies in the guise of news.” But social-cognitive dynamics also feed gullibility. There is persuasive power to mere repetition, the availability heuristic, confirmation bias, self-justification, statistical illiteracy, group polarization, and overconfidence. And there is counteracting, truth-supportive power to evidence-based scientific scrutiny, education into critical thinking, and the religious mandate for humility.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信