启示录之后:麦卡锡《道路》中宽容的表现

I. Kachur
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文对麦卡锡小说《路》中宽容与不宽容的表现形式进行了研究。宽容的概念一直是哲学家和作家非常感兴趣的,他们的目标是揭示人类的真实本性,深入人类的灵魂。即使在今天,这一概念也引起了政界、作家和普通民众的关注,作为在快速发展的世界中获得理解和接受的途径。哲学家认为宽容是人格不可分割的一部分,他们认为人们对他人天生有耐心,并试图尊重他们,承认他们的个性。在小说中,这一概念已经被研究过,与不宽容相反,不宽容可以采取各种形式,如道德或身体上的压迫,不接受人们的个性,禁止自由表达意见等,这可能来自政府或社会。相反,宽容被认为是对意见分歧、生活方式或其他方面的接受,在儿童文学中最常见。美国著名作家科马克·麦卡锡(Cormac McCarthy)的作品让读者思考人类存在的根本问题,他在后启示录小说《路》(the Road)中审视了主人公(父亲和儿子)之间的关系,以及他们在路上遇到的陌生人。麦卡锡探讨了在一个几乎被彻底摧毁的世界里,每个人都被迫为生存而战,是否还有善良和人性的空间。面对其他角色,主角并不总是保持宽容和理解,因为他们的群体(家庭)的生存取决于他们的选择。在麦卡锡的文本中,一个角色是宽容的,直到不损害他或她自己的利益。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
After the Apocalypse: the representations of in/tolerance in McCarthy’s The Road
The representation of tolerance and intolerance in McCarthy’s novel “The Road” is studied in the article. The notion of tolerance has been of great interest for philosophers and writers, who aim to reveal true human nature and get to the depth of human soul. Even nowadays, this concept attracts attention of politics, authors and just ordinary people as the way to reach understanding and acceptance in the fast developing world. Philosophers consider tolerance as an inseparable part of a personality believing that people are naturally patient towards other human beings and try to treat them with respect, acknowledging their individuality. In fiction, this notion has been investigated as opposed to intolerance that can take various forms such as moral or physical oppression, unacceptance of people’s individuality, prohibition of free expression of opinions etc., which can come from the government or the society. On the contrary, tolerance is seen as acceptance of a divergence of opinions, lifestyles or else and can be mostly encountered in children’s literature. Cormac McCarthy, a well-known American writer, whose works make readers think about the essential questions of human existence, in the post-apocalyptic novel “The Road” examines the relationships of the main characters (the father and his son) with each other and the strangers they meet on their way. McCarthy explores whether in the almost completely destroyed world, where everyone is forced to fight for existence, there is still room for kindness and humanity. Meeting other characters, the protagonists do not always remain tolerant and understanding because the survival of their group (the family) depends on their choices. In McCarthy’s text, a character is tolerant until it does not hurt his or her own interests.
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