乌克兰土地改革中农民经济和农场发展的问题

O. Pimenova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对民族经济形式的发展进行了历史分析。已经确定,经济上对社会最有利的、重要的、合理的、社会生态经济的经济形式是农民经济和农场。识别合理有效的经济形式的研究方法基础是一般的科学方法,包括历史分析法、概括法、比较法、分析综合法、专家评价法、图解法等。在研究过程中,采用了历史分析、概括、分析、综合的方法进行回顾性分析,特别是对农民、农场等经济形式的有效性以及土地改革对其发展的影响进行了科学的意见研究;采用专家评价法,对日托米尔州拉多米什尔地区的农民和政府代表进行调查,确定他们的意见——土地改革对农民和农场发展的影响;构造表格和图形的图形方法。对世界农业经验的研究证实,只有在国家的积极支持下,作为农业经济优先模式的农场模式的发展才有可能,作为一个通过行政和经济措施调节土地使用的机构,并通过限制土地购买和潜在的土地退出农业流通提供立法。还包括通过资助个人活动来实施有针对性的项目。国家调控的一项重要功能是保护农用地资金。在发达国家,对土地市场有一些限制,以防止大庄园。事实证明,在土地改革过程中,土地政策的重点应放在防止建立拥有大量土地所有权的大庄园,以及支持、保护和发展农民经济和农场作为可行的形式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PROBLEMS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEASANT ECONOMIES AND FARMS IN THE MINDS OF THE LAND REFORM IN UKRAINE
The historical analysis of the development of national forms of economy has been carried out. It has been determined that the most economically advantageous for society, vital, rational, socio-ecological-economic forms of economy are peasant economies and farms. The methodological basis of the study as to the identification of rational and effective forms of economy are general scientific methods, including methods of historical analysis, generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, methods of expert evaluation, graphical method. In the course of the research, the methods of historical analysis, generalization, analysis and synthesis were used in carrying out a retrospective analysis, in particular the research of scientific opinion on the effectiveness of such forms of economy as peasants and farms and the impact of land reform on their development; the method of expert evaluation in the survey of peasants and representatives from the administration of Radomyshl region of Zhytomyr oblast to determine their opinion – how the land reform will affect on the development of peasants and farms; graphical method for constructing tables and graphs. The study of the world experience in agriculture confirmed that the development of the farm model as a priority model of economy in agriculture is possible only with the active support of a state, as an institution that regulates land use through administrative and economic measures and provides legislation through limitation of purchase of land and the potential withdrawal of this land from agricultural circulation, and also involves the implementation of targeted programs through the financing of individual activity. An important function of state regulation is the conservation of the agricultural land fund. In developed countries, there are some restrictions on the land market to prevent latifundia. It is substantiated that in the course of land reform, the agrarian policy should be focused on preventing the creation of latifundia with large land tenure, as well as on the support, protection and development of peasant economies and farms as viable forms.
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