Factors contributing effective communication

The article reveals the results of the long-term observation of spoken and written discourse in different communication spheres, its efficiency (pursuing a goal of the addressor’s intention) and inefficiency in connection with various factors and the interaction between them in real usage. Following T.M. Nikolaeva’s idea, the author draws attention to the role of the “escort” of the sentence (including not only the context, functional style and its varieties, but the conditions of the communication, types and subtypes of addressors and addressees, their personal qualities, state of health, degree of tiredness as well). The article focuses on the difference between the main communication goals in different spheres of communication: every-day interaction, which is the primary and the most important sphere in people’s life; academic, media, business spheres and belles letters. The author analyses different types and subtypes of addressors and addressees, the reasons for frequently ineffective official documents (acts, contracts, executive orders), touches upon the problems of the Internet communication’s impact on the life of people and on the language as a means of communication. To some extent this article is a programme of the research of effective communication in different spheres, the preview of the coming joint monograph of the Department of the Russian language, communication and Russian as a foreign language of the Saratov National Research University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky.