The Reflexes ‑αρ‑ and ‑ρα‑ in Aorist Stems

Aorists with a root of the phonological shape /CraC-/ are presented in Table 23 (when attested in Homer, no first attestation is indicated) on p. 357.1 Aorist stems (attested in Homer, classical Attic or both) with a root of the phonological shape /CarC-/ are presented in Table 24 (on p. 358). Of the verbsmentioned in these Tables, the following forms have no bearing on the issue of the double reflex of *r̥ in Ionic-Attic: – In six aorist stems, the reflex of *r̥ may have been influenced by the full grade in a corresponding present or perfect stem: ἔδραμον (‐δέδρομε), δραπών (δρέπω), ἔπαρδον (πέρδομαι), ἐτάρπην, ταρπώμεθα and τετάρπετο (τέρπομαι), ἔτραπον (τρέπω), ἐτράφην and ἔτραφον (τρέφω). – No conclusions regarding the regular Ionic-Attic vocalization of *r̥ can be based on the form ἔπραδες in Sophron, the 5th c. Syracusan poet who composedmimes in a form of literary Doric.2 The normal aorist of Attic πέρδομαι ‘to fart’ was ἔπαρδον (mostly with preverb). On the other hand, for assessing the regular vocalization in Syracusan or Corinthian the form ἔπραδες is highly relevant (see chapter 3). – The Homeric hapax ἀνέκραγον (Od. 14.467) contains a secondary zero grade beside the full grade CRāC‐ in the pf. κέκρᾱγα, which is either onomatopoeic