汉斯·亨利克繁荣与档案鉴定

V. Bezdrabko
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引用次数: 3

摘要

本文主要探讨档案研究中最重要、最复杂的课题之一——档案鉴定理论。尽管有代表性的科学文献,但其个别方面仍欠发达。20世纪欧洲最大的档案学家之一汉斯·布姆斯,已经进入了档案鉴定发展的历史。他的理论的主要内容是需要考虑复杂的方法来确定文件的意义,特别是社会、人格的价值框架。他是第一个将档案的官方范式向公众转变的人,他认识到解释学在不触及客观和主观反映现实的相对性的情况下发现文件创作动机的有用性。汉斯·布姆斯扩展了“文献遗产”的概念。它的含义超越了用来提供管理行动和执行有关决定的文件的传统观念,并涵盖所有“文本”,不论其存在形式-书面、印刷、照相、机械或自动化。这极大地影响了“公共遗产”的概念,并决定了众所周知的集体记忆的概念。H.布姆斯否定了通常认为档案馆是一个积累文件的地方,以确保在“积极生活”中管理的有效性。对档案的理论认识体现在对存储单位的定义上,在最新信息载体出现的条件下,存储单位的定义显著扩大。这不再仅仅是行政文件,还包括其他可能与档案工作者的外观和操作无关的对象。因此,正如布姆斯所说,当涉及到行政文件时,档案保管员可以负责处理业务文件的实际范围。布姆斯的一个重要优点是,他全面地代表了档案保持者的自然倾向——创造一种文献遗产。关键词:汉斯·鲍姆斯,档案教育,档案工作者,档案,档案鉴定,宏观鉴定
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
HANS HENRICH BOOMS AND ARCHIVAL APPRAISAL
The article is devoted to one of the most important and most complex tasks of archival studies – the theory of archival appraisal. Despite its representative scientific literature, its individual aspects remain poorly developed. One of the largest european archivists of the 20th century Hans Booms, has entered the history of developments in the archival appraisal. The main content of his theory is the need to consider complex approaches to determining the significance of documents, in particular the value framework of society, personality. He became the first who changed the official paradigm of archives to the public, recognized the usefulness of hermeneutics to find out the motives for creating documents without touching upon the relativity of objective and subjective reflection of reality in them. Hans Booms expanded the concept of “documentary heritage”. Its meaning goes beyond the traditional perception of a document that serves to provide managerial actions and implement relevant decisions, and covers all “texts” irrespective of their form of existence – written, printed, photographic, mechanical or automated. This greatly influenced the notion of “public heritage” and determined the well-known concept of collective memory. H. Booms deny the usual vision of the archive as a place of cumulating of documents that ensure the effectiveness of management in “active life”. Theoretical understanding of the archive was reflected in the definition of the unit of storage, which, in the conditions of the emergence of the newest information carriers, expands significantly. This is no longer just administrative documents, but also other objects that archivists may have nothing to do with the appearance and operation of which. Therefore, as Booms argued, archivists can be responsible for the practical scope of working with operational documents when it comes to administrative documentation. An important merit of G. Booms is that he holistically represented the natural inclination of the archivist – to create a documentary heritage. Keywords: Hans Booms, Archival Education, Archivist, Archive, Archival Appraisal, MacroAppraisal.
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