An exploration of graphical programming learning models based on behavioral sequence analysis

Compared with learner engagement, the sequence of learning behaviors during the learning process is a better reflection of the trajectory, willingness and cognitive process of learners' learning behaviors. This study empirically explores learners' behavioral sequences and learning patterns through lagged sequence analysis based on log data on the Snap! graphical programming platform. It was found that learners' learning behaviors exhibited the following characteristics: they showed a clear performance orientation; when encountering difficulties, they often took measures of trial and error, consulting information and reviewing previous learning tasks; and when interacting with classmates or encountering difficulties, their attention was more easily distracted. The findings demonstrate that the sequence of learners' learning behaviors can present teachers with a more comprehensive picture of online learning, help them discover learners' learning habits, preferences, and cognitive processes, and assist them in reflecting on the teaching and learning process.