Ureteroscopy in Children-A Single Centre Study from a Developing Country

Urolithiasis in pediatric age group is comparatively rare having an overall incidence of almost less than 3% [1]. Pakistan has high prevalence rate of renal stones reaching up to 10% [2]. Among various factors infection is supposed to be one of the leadingcausative factor for urolithiasis in pediatric age group [3].Proper management of urolithiasis depends on location and size and of the stone, age of the patient and the urinary tract anatomy. During the last few decades, a wide range of modalities such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureterorenoscopy (URS), open and laparoscopic surgery has been available for treating adult stone diseases[4,5]. Most of these available techniques evolved in adult population and were adapted for use in children after doing appropriate modifications. Applying one or a combination of these modalities in carefully selected patient can help in successful management stones even in pediatric population.