Role of Stromal Cells in Angiogenesis of Skin Wounds: Review

INTRODUCTION: The study of skin wound regeneration has not lost its relevance, especially among surgeons. Angiogenesis is a key factor in wound healing. It is known that the optimal blood supply provides the tissue with nutrients, growth factors, immune cells necessary for the complete repair of skin defect. Insufficient ability to restore functional blood supply to the wound area can lead to chronic non-healing wounds. Therefore, the identification and validation of various factors influencing angiogenesis in the wound bed is of great interest for the development of potential therapeutic agents. The aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of the mechanisms and morphological manifestations of skin wound angiogenesis, as well as the functional significance of stromal cells involved in this process. The contribution of macrophages, pericytes, mast cells, telocytes to the mechanisms of formation of microcirculatory vessels is shown. The search for literary sources was carried out in the electronic systems eLIBRARY.RU and PubMed by the main keywords of the topic: histology, skin wound regeneration, angiogenesis, stromal cells, macrophages, mast cells, pericytes, telocytes. The publications were analyzed over the last 12 years. The criteria for including a research in the review were the simultaneous mention of several keywords in the article. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the literature demonstrates the relevance of the study of angiogenesis. Modern morphological methods permitted to describe complex intercellular interactions providing the growth of the vascular network. Despite the large number of studies in this area, morphological data are constantly being supplemented to expand the potentials of histological and immunohistochemical studies. Cellular interactions during wound healing are being actively studied and confirmed to be used in the study of the mechanisms of action of drugs and in the development of new methods for treating wounds of various origin. This is of great importance, for example, in search for new reconstructive technologies, for creation of blood vessel grafts, and for development of endothelial prostheses based on non-degradable synthetic materials.